Tongue disorders

Riga–Fede disease (or syndrome) is an oral condition found, albeit rarely, in newborns that manifests as an ulceration on the ventral surface of the tongue or on the inner surface of the lower lip.

Fissured tongue (also known as "scrotal tongue," "lingua plicata," "Plicated tongue," and "furrowed tongue") is a benign condition characterized by deep grooves (fissures) in the dorsum of the tongue.

Black hairy tongue (BHT, also termed lingua villosa nigra) refers to a condition of the tongue where the filiform papillae elongate with black or brown discoloration, giving a black and hairy appearance.

Glossitis can mean soreness of the tongue, or more usually inflammation with depapillation of the dorsal surface of the tongue (loss of the lingual papillae), leaving a smooth and erythematous (reddened) surface, (sometimes specifically termed atrophic glossitis).

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is the complaint of a burning sensation in the mouth where no underlying dental or medical cause can be identified and no signs found in the mouth.

Melanoglossia is a medical condition in which the tongue becomes blackened.

Hypoglossia is a short, incompletely developed tongue.

Geographic tongue, also known by several other terms, is an inflammatory condition of the mucous membrane of the tongue, usually on the dorsal surface.

Median rhomboid glossitis (MRG, also known as central papillary atrophy, or glossal central papillary atrophy. ) is a condition characterized by an area of redness and loss of lingual papillae, situated on the dorsum of the tongue in the midline immediately in front of the circumvallate papillae.

Macroglossia is the medical term for an unusually large tongue.

Ankyloglossia, also known as tongue-tie, is a congenital oral anomaly that may decrease mobility of the tongue tip and is caused by an unusually short, thick lingual frenulum, a membrane connecting the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth.

Hairy leukoplakia (also known as oral hairy leukoplakia, OHL, or HIV-associated hairy leukoplakia), is a white patch on the side of the tongue with a corrugated or hairy appearance.