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group of cells of similar structure performing a common function

consists of tightly packed cells performing a layer that:

▪ cover body surfaces

▪ line internal organs & cavities

functions: absorption & secretion

- respiratory tract

- moves fluids in sweeping motion

- small intestine

- increase surface area ideal for absorption

- lungs & lower digestive tract

- secrete mucus

important for achieving homeostasis as it borders the external & body’s internal environment

faces the outside of an organ or inside of a tube/passageway

- consists of proteins & polysaccharides

- separates from underlying tissues (barrier)

- regulates transport of materials between epithelial & connective tissues

one layer cell

two or more layers of cells

one layer of cells but appear to be stratified because the cells vary in length

– thin & flat (like floor tiles)

– exchange of materials via diffusion e.g., air sacs of the lungs

– for protection for abrasion e.g., skin

– cube-shaped (like a dice)

- large cytoplasm for secretion & absorption of materials e.g., thyroid gland

– for protection e.g., mammary glands

– long (like bricks)

– large cytoplasm for secretion & absorption of materials e.g., intestines

– for protection & secretion e.g., female’s uterus, parts of pharynx

- sparse population of cells scattered in the matrix (ground substance)

- matrix (liquid/gel-like/solid) have embedded fibers

cell that secrete protein fibers & macrophages that engulf foreign particles & cellular debris by phagocytosis

– most common CT

–binds epithelial cells to underlying tissues (e.g., underneath the skin) & holds organ in place

– consists of CT cells embedded in gel-like matrix with loose weave of fibers

- collagen protein

- for strength & flexibility

- form ligaments & tendons

- reticulin protein

- join CT with other tissues

- stabilize cells & blood vessels

- elastin protein

- for making tissues elastic

- does not have fibroblast or real matrix & only few fibers

- function as cushioning against damage to body organs

- stores fat

- for protection (padding), insulation (prevent heat loss) & energy storage

- collagenous fibers

– dense packing of fibers maximizes strength of tissues

– e.g., tendons (attach muscles to bones) & ligaments (connects bones & joints)

– include several different tissues with specialized cells & unique matrices

– tissues could be solid or strong, fluid or flexible

– e.g., cartilage, bones & blood

– strong but flexible gel-like matrix consists of collagen fibers

– the matrix is secreted by chondroblasts that matures into chondrocytes

– chondrocytes lie in cavities (spaces) called lacunae

- has chondrocytes

- few collagen fibers

- provides smooth surface for joints to move (knee)

- thick collagen fibers

- cushion structures & absorbs shock (between vertebrate, knee joints)

- more elastic fibers in matrix

- maintain the shape of structure (external ear, nose)

- calcified matrix with many collagen fibers (bone not brittle)

– protects organs, stores calcium & other minerals & fat,

produces red & white cells though the bone marrow

consists of repeating units called osteons (structural & functional unit of bone)

located in lacuna & communicate with canaliculi (hair-like canals)

– with a fluid extracellular matrix called plasma → water, salts & dissolved oxygen

helps in CO₂ and O₂ exchange

fights against infections

helps in blood clotting

attach muscle to bones

attaches bones to joints

the matrix is secreted by

maturation of chondroblast

this is where chondrocytes are located or where their activities occur

–protects organs, stores calcium & other minerals & fat, produces red & white cells though the bone marrow

most abundant tissue, for movement

consists of long cells which contains contractile proteins

senes stimuli and rapildy transmits signal from one part of the body to another

basic unit of the Nervous system

support and protects the Neurons

takes sensory infromation from the environment

these neurons communicate infromation from the brain to tissue and organ throughout the body allowing for movement

majority of the neurons, the middle man