Thyroid disease

A goitre (British English) or goiter (American English) (from the Latin gutteria, struma) is a swelling of the neck or larynx resulting from enlargement of the thyroid gland (thyromegaly), associated with a thyroid gland that is not functioning properly.

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a condition of thyroid hormone deficiency present at birth.

Cretinism is a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth due to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormone (congenital hypothyroidism) usually due to maternal hypothyroidism.

Postpartum thyroiditis is a phenomenon observed following pregnancy and may involve hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism or the two sequentially.

Graves' disease, also known as toxic diffuse goiter, is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid.

Hypothyroidism, also called underactive thyroid or low thyroid, is a common disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone.

Myxedema or myxoedema is a term used synonymously with severe hypothyroidism.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis, also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, is an autoimmune disease in which the thyroid gland is gradually destroyed.

Thyroid storm or thyrotoxic crisis is a rare but severe and potentially life-threatening complication of hyperthyroidism (overactivity of the thyroid gland).

Myxedema coma is a state of decompensated hypothyroidism.

Acute infectious thyroiditis (AIT) also known as suppurative thyroiditis, microbial inflammatory thyroiditis, pyrogenic thyroiditis and bacterial thyroiditis.

Hyperthyroidism is the condition that occurs due to excessive production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland.

Thyroiditis is the inflammation of the thyroid gland.

De Quervain's thyroiditis, can also be known as subacute granulomatous thyroiditis or giant cell thyroiditis.

Thyroid nodules are lumps which commonly arise within an otherwise normal thyroid gland.

Subacute thyroiditis is a form of thyroiditis that can be a cause of both thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism.

Toxic multinodular goiter (also known as toxic nodular goiter, toxic nodular struma, or Plummer's disease) is a multinodular goiter associated with a hyperthyroidism.

Thyroid dyshormonogenesis (or dyshormogenetic goiter) is a rare condition due to genetic defects in the synthesis of thyroid hormones.

Radiofrequency ablation is an effective and minimally invasive method to treat symptomatic benign thyroid nodules.

Hyperthyroxinemia or hyperthyroxinaemia is a thyroid disease where the serum levels of thyroxine are higher than expected.

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is a condition featuring attacks of muscle weakness in the presence of hyperthyroidism (overactivity of the thyroid gland).

Ord's thyroiditis is a common form of thyroiditis, an autoimmune disease where the body's own antibodies fight the cells of the thyroid.

Autoimmune thyroiditis, (or Chronic Autoimmune thyroiditis), is a disease in which the body interprets the thyroid glands and its hormone products T3, T4 and TSH as threats, therefore producing special antibodies that target the thyroid’s cells, thereby destroying it.

Toxic nodular goiter (TNG) (or Plummer syndrome) is a condition that can occur when a hyper-functioning nodule develops within a longstanding goiter.

Graves' ophthalmopathy (also known as thyroid eye disease (TED), dysthyroid/thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO), Graves' orbitopathy) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder affecting the orbit around the eye, characterized by upper eyelid retraction, lid lag, swelling, redness (erythema), conjunctivitis, and bulging eyes (exopthalmos).

Riedel's thyroiditis, also called Riedel's struma is a chronic form of thyroiditis.

Thyrotoxicosis factitia refers to a condition of thyrotoxicosis caused by the ingestion of exogenous thyroid hormone.

Euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS), sick euthyroid syndrome (SES), thyroid allostasis in critical illness, tumours, uremia and starvation (TACITUS), non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) or low T3 low T4 syndrome is a state of adaptation or dysregulation of thyrotropic feedback control where the levels of T3 and/or T4 are at unusual levels, but the thyroid gland does not appear to be dysfunctional.

Thyroid hormone resistance (sometimes Refetoff syndrome) describes a rare syndrome in which the thyroid hormone levels are elevated but the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level is not suppressed, or not completely suppressed as would be expected.

The Van Wyk and Grumbach syndrome is defined by a combination of hypothyroidism, precocious puberty (usually with delayed bone age) and ovarian cysts in pre- and post-pubertal girls.

Nontoxic nodular goiter is an enlarged thyroid without hyperthyroidism.