Thyroid disease

Cretinism is a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth due to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormone (congenital hypothyroidism) usually due to maternal hypothyroidism.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis, also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, is an autoimmune disease in which the thyroid gland is gradually destroyed.

Hyperthyroidism is the condition that occurs due to excessive production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland.

Hypothyroidism, also called underactive thyroid or low thyroid, is a common disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone.

A goitre (British English) or goiter (American English) (from the Latin gutteria, struma) is a swelling of the neck or larynx resulting from enlargement of the thyroid gland (thyromegaly), associated with a thyroid gland that is not functioning properly.

Thyroid storm or thyrotoxic crisis is a rare but severe and potentially life-threatening complication of hyperthyroidism (overactivity of the thyroid gland).

Thyroid nodules are lumps which commonly arise within an otherwise normal thyroid gland.

Graves' disease, also known as toxic diffuse goiter, is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid.

De Quervain's thyroiditis, can also be known as subacute granulomatous thyroiditis or giant cell thyroiditis.

Postpartum thyroiditis is a phenomenon observed following pregnancy and may involve hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism or the two sequentially.

Acute infectious thyroiditis (AIT) also known as suppurative thyroiditis, microbial inflammatory thyroiditis, pyrogenic thyroiditis and bacterial thyroiditis.

Subacute thyroiditis is a form of thyroiditis that can be a cause of both thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism.

Thyroiditis is the inflammation of the thyroid gland.

Myxedema coma is a state of decompensated hypothyroidism.

Myxedema or myxoedema is a term used synonymously with severe hypothyroidism.

Toxic multinodular goiter (also known as toxic nodular goiter, toxic nodular struma, or Plummer's disease) is a multinodular goiter associated with a hyperthyroidism.

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a condition of thyroid hormone deficiency present at birth.

Thyroid hormone resistance (sometimes Refetoff syndrome) describes a rare syndrome in which the thyroid hormone levels are elevated but the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level is not suppressed, or not completely suppressed as would be expected.

The Van Wyk and Grumbach syndrome is defined by a combination of hypothyroidism, precocious puberty (usually with delayed bone age) and ovarian cysts in pre- and post-pubertal girls.

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is a condition featuring attacks of muscle weakness in the presence of hyperthyroidism (overactivity of the thyroid gland).

The Academy of Clinical Thyroidologists (ACT) was founded in May 2005 at the annual meeting of the Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) in Washington DC.

The British Thyroid Foundation (BTF) is a UK-based, patient-led, registered charity dedicated to supporting people with thyroid disorders and helping their families and people around them to understand the condition.

Graves' ophthalmopathy (also known as thyroid eye disease (TED), dysthyroid/thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO), Graves' orbitopathy) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder affecting the orbit around the eye, characterized by upper eyelid retraction, lid lag, swelling, redness (erythema), conjunctivitis, and bulging eyes (exopthalmos).

Euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS), sick euthyroid syndrome (SES), thyroid allostasis in critical illness, tumours, uremia and starvation (TACITUS), non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) or low T3 low T4 syndrome is a state of adaptation or dysregulation of thyrotropic feedback control where the levels of T3 and/or T4 are at unusual levels, but the thyroid gland does not appear to be dysfunctional.

Riedel's thyroiditis, also called Riedel's struma is a chronic form of thyroiditis.

Nontoxic nodular goiter is an enlarged thyroid without hyperthyroidism.

Ord's thyroiditis is a common form of thyroiditis, an autoimmune disease where the body's own antibodies fight the cells of the thyroid.

Radiofrequency ablation is an effective and minimally invasive method to treat symptomatic benign thyroid nodules.

Autoimmune thyroiditis, (or Chronic Autoimmune thyroiditis), is a disease in which the body interprets the thyroid glands and its hormone products T3, T4 and TSH as threats, therefore producing special antibodies that target the thyroid’s cells, thereby destroying it.

Toxic nodular goiter (TNG) (or Plummer syndrome) is a condition that can occur when a hyper-functioning nodule develops within a longstanding goiter.

Hyperthyroxinemia or hyperthyroxinaemia is a thyroid disease where the serum levels of thyroxine are higher than expected.