Thorax (human anatomy)

In human anatomy, the thoracic diaphragm, or simply the diaphragm (Ancient Greek: διάφραγμα diáphragma "partition"), is a sheet of internal skeletal muscle that extends across the bottom of the thoracic cavity.

Toplessness refers to the state in which a female's torso is exposed above her waist or hips, or with at least her breasts, areola, and nipples being exposed, especially in a public place or in a visual medium.

Areolar glands or Glands of Montgomery are sebaceous glands in the areola surrounding the nipple.

Mediastinitis is inflammation of the tissues in the mid-chest, or mediastinum.

A mammary gland is an exocrine gland in mammals that produces milk to feed young offspring.

The trachea, colloquially called the windpipe, is a cartilaginous tube that connects the pharynx and larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air, and so is present in almost all air-breathing animals with lungs.

(This article is about the anatomical structure. For other uses, see Nipple (disambiguation).) In its most general form, a nipple is a structure from which a fluid emanates.

In anatomy, the areola (/əˈriːələ/ or /ɛriːˈoʊlə/) is a small circular area on the body with a different histology from the surrounding tissue.

The esophagus (American English) or oesophagus (British English) (/ᵻˈsɒfəɡəs/), commonly known as the food pipe or gullet, is an organ in vertebrates through which food passes, aided by peristaltic contractions, from the pharynx to the stomach.

In vertebrate anatomy, ribs (Latin: costae) are the long curved bones which form the rib cage.

A bronchus, also known as a main or primary bronchus, is an airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs.

The serratus posterior superior is a thin, quadrilateral muscle, situated at the upper and back part of the thorax, deep to the rhomboid muscles.

The Infraclavicular fossa is an indentation, or fossa, immediately below the clavicle.

The thoracolumbar fascia (lumbodorsal fascia or thoracodorsal fascia) is a deep investing membrane throughout most of the posterior thorax and abdomen although it is a thin fibrous lamina in the thoracic region.

A Costotransverse ligament is a short fibrous band that connects a rib with the transverse process of vertebra.

The clavipectoral fascia (costocoracoid membrane; coracoclavicular fascia) is a strong fascia situated under cover of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major.

The thoracic wall or chest wall is the boundary of the thoracic cavity.

The sternoclavicular joint or sternoclavicular articulation is the joint between the manubrium bone of the sternum and the clavicle bone.

The thoracic inlet or superior thoracic aperture refers to the opening at the top of the thoracic cavity.

The endothoracic fascia is the layer of loose connective tissue deep to the intercostal spaces and ribs, separating these structures from the underlying pleura.

The articulations of the heads of the ribs (or costocentral articulations) constitute a series of gliding or arthrodial joints, and are formed by the articulation of the heads of the typical ribs with the facets on the contiguous margins of the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae and with the intervertebral fibrocartilages between them; the first, eleventh and twelfth ribs each articulate with a single vertebra.

Traube's (semilunar) space is an anatomic space of some clinical importance.

The costochondral joints are the joints between the ribs and costal cartilage in the front of the rib cage.

The thoracic outlet is the lower opening of the thoracic cavity whose edges are the lowest ribs.

The Lateral costotransverse ligament is a fibrous band that crosses transversely from the posterior surface of the tip of a transverse process of a vertebra to the non-articular part of the tubercle of the corresponding rib.

The Lumbocostal ligament is a fibrous band that crosses from the twelfth rib to the tips of the transverse processes of the first and second lumbar vertebrae.

A Superior costotransverse ligament is a strong fibrous band that arises from the neck of a rib to the transverse process of the vertebra above.

The interchondral articulations are the joints formed between the costal cartilages of the ribs.

The sternocostal articulations (costosternal articulations), articulations of the cartilages of the true ribs with the sternum are arthrodial joints, with the exception of the first, in which the cartilage is directly united with the sternum, and which is, therefore, a synarthrodial articulation.

The costotransverse joint is the joint formed between the facet of the tubercle of the rib and the adjacent transverse process of a thoracic vertebra.

The intercostal space (ICS) is the anatomic space between two ribs (Lat. costa).