The building blocks of identity

Absolute sameness; individuality

National identities

Transnational identities

Subnational cultures

Shaped by the languages, institutions, and overall cultural milieu that we are surrounded by; also based on a political or perceived emotional link to a specific territory

Subnational cultures are generally based in regionality, language, class, politics, shared history, or religion

An identity linked to an ethnic group; often characterised by shared language and customs, which differentiate themselves from other groups on the basis of culture

International communities that form around specific comminalities such as religion

Tendency to view the culture of one’s own group as superior to that of others

Characteristics assigned at birth by society; race & gender

Derived from membership of association; participation in sport, hobbies or work-related