Soviet dissidents

The Lithuanian Helsinki Group (full name: the Public Group to Promote the Implementation of the Helsinki Accords in Lithuania; Lithuanian: Helsinkio susitarimų vykdymui remti Lietuvos visuomeninė grupė) was a dissident organization active in the Lithuanian SSR, one of the republics of the Soviet Union, in 1975–81.

Valery Senderov (Russian: Валерий Сендеров; 17 March 1945 – 12 November 2014) was a Soviet dissident, mathematician, teacher, and advocate of human rights known for his struggle against state-sponsored antisemitism.

Victor Serge (French: [viktɔʁ sɛʁʒ]), born Victor Lvovich Kibalchich (Russian: Ви́ктор Льво́вич Киба́льчич; December 30, 1890 – November 17, 1947), was a Russian revolutionary and writer.

Nikolay Onufriyevich Lossky (/ˈlɒski/; Russian: Никола́й Ону́фриевич Ло́сский; 6 December [O.S. 24 November] 1870 – 24 January 1965) was a Russian philosopher, representative of Russian idealism, intuitionist epistemology, personalism, libertarianism, ethics and axiology (value theory).

Mikhail Yanovitch Makarenko (1931 – 15 March 2007), né Moishe Hershkovich, also Gershkovich, also spelled as Michail Janovitch Makarenko, was a human rights activist, born in Romania to Orthodox Jewish parents, Yankel Hershkovich and Malka Weisman.

Alexei Alexeyevich Borovoi (1875–1935) was a Russian individualist anarchist writer, orator, teacher and propagandist.

(For a town in the United States, see Volin, South Dakota.) Vsevolod Mikhailovich Eikhenbaum (Russian: Все́волод Миха́йлович Эйхенба́ум, French: Vsevolod Mikhaïlovitch Eichenbaum; 11 August 1882 – 18 September 1945), known in later life as Volin or (the spelling he used himself) Voline (Во́лин), was a leading Russian anarchist who participated in the Russian and Ukrainian Revolutions before being forced into exile by the Bolshevik Party government.

Leonid (Les) Stepanovych Tanyuk (Ukrainian: Леонід (Лесь) Танюк, August 7, 1938 – March 18, 2016) was a Ukrainian theatre and film director, Soviet dissident and after 1991's Ukrainian independence, a multi-term member of the Ukrainian parliament.

Moysey (Moses) Fishbeyn (Ukrainian: Мойсей Абрамович Фішбейн) is an influential Ukrainian poet and translator of Jewish origin.

One of the longest-running samizdat periodicals of the post-Stalin USSR, A Chronicle of Current Events (Russian: Хро́ника теку́щих собы́тий) was an underground magazine that became the main voice of the Soviet human rights movement, inside the country and abroad.

Galina Vasilyevna Starovoitova (Russian: Гали́на Васи́льевна Старово́йтова; 17 May 1946, in Chelyabinsk – 20 November 1998, in St Petersburg) was a Soviet dissident, Russian politician and ethnographer known for her work to protect ethnic minorities and promote democratic reforms in Russia.

Lev Lvovich Sedov (Russian: Лев Львович Седов, also known as Leon Sedov; 1906 – February 16, 1938) was the son of the Russian Communist leader Leon Trotsky and his second wife Natalia Sedova.

Gleb Pavlovich Yakunin (Russian: Глеб Па́влович Яку́нин; 4 March 1936 – 25 December 2014) was a Russian priest and dissident, who fought for the principle of freedom of conscience in the Soviet Union.

Tunne-Väldo Kelam MEP (born Tunne-Väldo Sink 10 July 1936 in Taheva, Estonia) is an Estonian politician and Member of the European Parliament for the IRL (Pro Patria and Res Publica Union), part of the European People's Party.

Anton Alekseyevich Bakov (Russian: Антон Алексеевич Баков; born Sverdlovsk, 29 December 1965) is a Russian politician and monarchist.

Levko Hryhorovych Lukyanenko (Ukrainian: Левко́ Григо́рович Лук'я́ненко, sometimes written as Levko Lukianenko, born 24 August 1927, Khrypivka) is a Ukrainian politician, and Soviet dissident and Hero of Ukraine.

Georgi Petrovich Vins (Russian: Георгий Петрович Винс; August 4, 1928 Blagoveshchensk, Russian SFSR – January 11, 1998 Elkhart, Indiana) was a Russian Baptist pastor persecuted by the Soviet authorities for his involvement in a network of independent Baptist churches.

Vladimir Nikolaevich Osipov (Russian: Влади́мир Никола́евич О́сипов; born 1938) was the founder of the Soviet samizdat journal Veche (Assembly).

In the 1960s a human rights movement began to emerge in the USSR.

Ambrosius (Georgian: ამბროსი, Ambrosi) (September 7, 1861 – March 29, 1927) was a Georgian religious figure and scholar who served as the Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia from 1921 to 1927.

The Ukrainian Helsinki Group (Ukrainian: Українська Гельсінська Група) was founded on November 9, 1976 as the “Ukrainian Public Group to Promote the Implementation of the Helsinki Accords on Human Rights” (Ukrainian: Українська громадська група сприяння виконанню гельсінських угод, Ukrayins’ka hromads’ka hrupa spryyannya vykonannyu hel’sins’kykh uhod) to monitor human rights in Ukraine.

Volodymyr (secular name Vasyl Omelianovych Romaniuk, Ukrainian: Василь Омелянович Романюк; December 10, 1925, Khymchyn – July 14, 1995, Kiev) was the Patriarch of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kyiv Patriarchate.

Andrey Nikolaevich Derevyankin (Russian: Андре́й Никола́евич Деревя́нкин, 10 July 1959) is a politician, Soviet dissident, and former political prisoner in 1984-1987, 1997–1998, 2000–2004.

Gheorghe Ghimpu (July 26, 1937 in Coloniţa – November 13, 2000) was a Romanian politician and a political prisoner in the former Soviet Union and then Moldova.

Nicolae Lupan (born March 16, 1921) is a Bessarabian journalist.

Natalia Yakovlevna Magnat (Russian: Ната́лья Я́ковлевна Магна́т, November 5, 1954, Moscow – October 18, 1997, Moscow) was a Soviet and Russian translator of English language, author of works on literary criticism and aesthetics, leader of underground leftist organizations "Left School" (Russian: Левая школа) and "Neo-Communist Party of the Soviet Union" (NCPSU) (Russian: Неокоммунистическая партия Советского Союза (НКПСС)).

Boris Yulyevich Kagarlitsky (Russian: Бори́с Ю́льевич Кагарли́цкий; born 29 August 1958 in Moscow) is a Russian Marxist theoretician and sociologist who has been a political dissident in the Soviet Union and in post-Soviet Russia.

Bohdan Horyn (Ukrainian: Богдан Миколайович Горинь; born 10 February 1936 in Kniselo, Lwów Voivodeship) is an Ukrainian human rights activist and dissident.

The Committee on Human Rights in the USSR (Russian: Комите́т прав челове́ка в СССР) was founded in 1970 by dissident Valery Chalidze together with Andrei Sakharov and Andrei Tverdokhlebov.

Valeri Brainin (aka Willi Brainin and Brainin-Passek, Russian: Валерий Борисович Брайнин (Valeri Borissovich Brainin) [vɐˈlɨrʲɪj bɐˈrʲisəvʲɪtɕ ˈbrajnʲɪn] [] [] ), Russian/German musicologist, music manager, composer, and poet.

Alexander Nikolaevich Tarasov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Никола́евич Тара́сов, born March 8, 1958 in Moscow) is a Soviet and Russian left-wing sociologist, politologist, culturologist, publicist, writer, and philosopher.

Mykhailo Spyrydonovych Melnyk (Ukrainian: Миха́йло Спиридо́нович Ме́льник; 14 March 1944, Ordyntsi, Pohrebyshche Raion, Vinnytsia Oblast, USSR – 10 March 1979, Pohreby, Brovary Raion, Kiev Oblast, USSR) was Ukrainian historian, poet, human rights activist, dissident and member of Ukrainian Helsinki Group.

The Very Reverend Archpriest Victor Sokolov (Russian: Виктор Владимирович Соколов) (February 21, 1947 – March 12, 2006) was a Russian-American former dissident Soviet journalist and an Eastern Orthodox priest.

Viktor Muravin (born 1929) is an author, best known for his novel Aurora Borealis, also published under the title The Diary of Vikenty Angarov.

Vitaliy Kalynychenko (Ukrainian: Віталій Калиниченко, born January 31, 1938) was a member of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group.

Gunārs Astra (1931–1988) was a Latvian human rights activist and anti-soviet dissident arrested by the Soviet Union in 1961 and sentenced to prison for 15 years.

Mykola Petrovych Bakay (Ukrainian: Микола Петрович Бакай) (2 March 1931 – 28 July 1998) was a Ukrainian singer, composer, poet, author and Soviet dissident.

Mikhail Shaevich Stern (Russian: Михаил Шаевич Штерн, 1918 – 17 June 2005) was a Soviet endocrinologist, sexologist and dissident.

The Working Commission to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes (Russian: Рабо́чая коми́ссия по рассле́дованию испо́льзования психиатри́и в полити́ческих це́лях) was an offshoot of the Moscow Helsinki Group and a key source of information on psychiatric repression in the Soviet Union.

Avital Sharansky (born Natalia Stieglitz (Наталья Штиглиц) in Ukraine, 1950; married name also Shcharansky) was an activist and public figure in the Soviet Jewry Movement who fought for the release of her husband, Nathan Sharansky, from Soviet imprisonment.

Vladimir Strelnikov (born 1939) is a Ukrainian artist and former Soviet dissident.

Yuri Alexandrovich Bezmenov (Russian: Юрий Александрович Безменов, also known as Tomas David Schuman; 1939 – 1993) was a journalist for RIA Novosti and a former PGU KGB informant from the Soviet Union who defected to Canada.

Valeriya Ilyinichna Novodvorskaya (Russian: Вале́рия Ильи́нична Новодво́рская, 17 May 1950, Baranovichi, Byelorussian SSR – 12 July 2014, Moscow) was a liberal Russian politician, Soviet dissident, the founder and the chairwoman of the "Democratic Union" party, and a member of the editorial board of The New Times.

Adolfas Ramanauskas codename Vanagas (March 6, 1918 in New Britain, Connecticut – November 29, 1957 in Vilnius) was one of the prominent leaders of the Lithuanian partisans.

Nikolai Alexandrovich Berdyaev (/bərˈdjɑːjɛf, -jɛv/; Russian: Никола́й Алекса́ндрович Бердя́ев; March 18 [O.S. March 6] 1874 – March 24, 1948) was a Russian religious and political philosopher.

Enn Tarto (born on 25 September 1938 in Tartu) is an Estonian politician who was a leading dissident during the Soviet occupation of Estonia.

Lev Navrozov (Russian: Лев Наврозов; born 1928 in Moscow) is a Russian author, historian and polemicist and father of poet Andrei Navrozov.

Lev Timofeev (Russian: Russian Лев Миха́йлович Тимофе́ев, born 1936), is a Russian economist, political commentator and novelist.

Sergei Soldatov (24. June 1933 Narva – 24. January 2003 Tallinn) was one of the founders of anti-Soviet dissident movement in Estonia.

Raisa Davydovna Orlova-Kopeleva (Russian: Раи́са Давы́довна Орло́ва-Ко́пелева, 23 July 1918, Moscow – 31 May 1989, Cologne) was a Russian writer and American studies scholar.

Alexander Yakovlevich Lerner (7 September 1913, Vinnytsia – 6 April 2004, Rehovot) (Russian: Александр Яковлевич Лернер), scientist and Soviet refusenik.

Fanya Anisimovna Baron (Russian: Фа́ня Ани́симовна Ба́рон) (1887 – September 29, 1921) was a Russian anarchist revolutionary who lived in America from 1911 to 1917 when she returned to her homeland to build a post-revolutionary society.

Paul Franken (27 June 1894 – Autumn 1944) was a German Socialist politician.

Alexander Alexandrovich Bolonkin (Russian: Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Боло́нкин, born 14 March 1933, Perm) is a Russian-American scientist and academic who worked in the Soviet aviation, space and rocket industries and lectured in Moscow universities, before being arrested in 1972 by the KGB as a dissident.

Mykola Andriyovych Horbal (Ukrainian: Мико́ла Андрі́йович Го́рбаль; born September 10, 1940) is a well-known Ukrainian dissident, human right activists, member of parliament of Ukraine, poet, and member of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group

Vladlen Igor Konstantin Pavlenkov (4 May 1929 – 31 January 1990) was a political dissident in the Soviet Union and its sphere of influence, noted for his activities related to Soviet-American postal communications during the Cold War.

Nadezhda Adolfovna Joffe (Russian: Надежда Адольфовна Иоффе) (1906 – March 18, 1999) was a Soviet Trotskyist and daughter of early Soviet leader Adolph Joffe.

Nadiya Oleksiyivna Svitlychna (Ukrainian: Наді́я Олексі́ївна Світли́чна, born 8 November 1936, the village of Polovynkyno, Starobilsk district, Luhansk region — 8 August 2006, Irvington, New Jersey, United States) was a Ukrainian dissident and human rights activist, and an active member of the Ukrainian Helsinki group.

Alexander M. Schapiro (1882–1946) was a Russian Jewish anarcho-syndicalist militant active in the international anarchist movement.

Mollie (or Molly) Steimer (Russian: Молли Штеймер; November 21, 1897 – July 23, 1980) was born as Marthe Alperine in Tsarist Russia.

Vasile Bătrânac (born 1925, Plopi) was the head of the anti-Soviet group Arcaşii lui Ştefan and a political prisoner in the Soviet Union.

Ion Moraru (born March 9, 1929) is a Moldovan activist and author.

Ivan Kandyba (Ukrainian: Іван Кандиба) (June 7, 1930 - Nov. 8, 2002), was a Ukrainian lawyer, who achieved most fame by being a founding member of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group.