Sleep disorders

Snoring is the vibration of respiratory structures and the resulting sound due to obstructed air movement during breathing while sleeping.

Fatal familial insomnia (FFI) is an extremely rare autosomal dominant inherited prion disease of the brain.

African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, is a parasitic disease of humans and other animals.

Narcolepsy is a long term neurological disorder that involves a decreased ability to regulate sleep-wake cycles.

Sleep paralysis is a phenomenon in which an individual, either during falling asleep or awakening, briefly experiences an inability to move, speak, or react.

Night terror, also known as sleep terror, is a sleep disorder, causing feelings of terror or dread, and typically occurs during the first hours of stage 3-4 non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (also known as Pickwickian syndrome) is a condition in which severely overweight people fail to breathe rapidly enough or deeply enough, resulting in low blood oxygen levels and high blood carbon dioxide (CO2) levels.

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a disorder that causes a strong urge to move one's legs.

Jet lag, medically referred to as desynchronosis and rarely as circadian dysrhythmia, is a physiological condition which results from alterations to the body's circadian rhythms resulting from rapid long-distance trans-meridian (east–west or west–east) travel on high-speed aircraft.

Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or periods of shallow breathing during sleep.

Kleine–Levin syndrome (KLS), also known as Sleeping Beauty syndrome, is a rare sleep disorder characterized by persistent episodic hypersomnia and cognitive or mood changes.

Nocturnal enuresis, also called bedwetting, is involuntary urination while asleep after the age at which bladder control usually occurs.

Bruxism is excessive teeth grinding or jaw clenching.

In the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published in May 2013, hypersomnia appears under sleep-wake disorders as hypersomnolence, of which there are several subtypes.

Shift work sleep disorder (SWSD) is a circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterized by insomnia and excessive sleepiness affecting people whose work hours overlap with the typical sleep period.

A hypnopompic state (or hypnopomp) is the state of consciousness leading out of sleep, a term coined by the psychical researcher Frederic Myers.

Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD), previously known as nocturnal myoclonus, is a sleep disorder where the patient moves limbs involuntarily during sleep, and has symptoms or problems related to the movement.

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is characterized by persistent sleepiness and often a general lack of energy, even during the day after apparently adequate or even prolonged nighttime sleep.

Idiopathic hypersomnia is a condition, thought to be a neurological disorder, which is characterized primarily by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS).

Central sleep apnea (CSA) or central sleep apnea syndrome (CSAS) is a sleep-related disorder in which the effort to breathe is diminished or absent, typically for 10 to 30 seconds either intermittently or in cycles, and is usually associated with a reduction in blood oxygen saturation.

Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder (more specifically a parasomnia) that involves abnormal behavior during the sleep phase with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.

Advanced sleep phase disorder (ASPD), also known as the advanced sleep-phase type (ASPT) of circadian rhythm sleep disorder or advanced sleep phase syndrome (ASPS), is a condition in which patients feel very sleepy and go to bed early in the evening (e.g. 6:00–8:00 p.m.) and wake up very early in the morning (e.g. around 3:00 a.m.).

Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder where people have trouble sleeping.

Circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD), a family of sleep disorders, affect (among other bodily processes) the timing of sleep.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common type of sleep apnea and is caused by complete or partial obstructions of the upper airway.

Cataplexy is a sudden and transient episode of muscle weakness accompanied by full conscious awareness, typically triggered by emotions such as laughing, crying, or terror.

Irregular sleep–wake rhythm is a rare form of circadian rhythm sleep disorder.

Delayed sleep-phase disorder (DSPD), also known as delayed sleep-phase syndrome or delayed sleep-phase type, and in the 2014 revision of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ISCD-3), delayed sleep-wake phase disorder, is a chronic dysregulation of a person's circadian rhythm (biological clock), compared to the general population and relative to societal norms.

A sleep disorder, or somnipathy, is a medical disorder of the sleep patterns of a person or animal.

Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder (non-24), is one of several chronic circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSDs).

Sleepy hollow is a medical disease apparently only in humans causing them to sleep for days or weeks at a time.

Somniloquy or sleep-talking is a parasomnia that refers to talking aloud while asleep.

The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) is "a primary diagnostic, epidemiological and coding resource for clinicians and researchers in the field of sleep and sleep medicine".

Parasomnias are a category of sleep disorders that involve abnormal movements, behaviors, emotions, perceptions, and dreams that occur while falling asleep, sleeping, between sleep stages, or during arousal from sleep.

Sleep state misperception (SSM) is a term in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) most commonly used for people who mistakenly perceive their sleep as wakefulness, though it has been proposed that it be applied to those who severely overestimate their sleep time as well ("positive" sleep state misperception).

Central hypoventilation syndrome (CHS) is a respiratory disorder that results in respiratory arrest during sleep.

Morvan's syndrome, or Morvan's fibrillary chorea (MFC), is a rare autoimmune disease named after the nineteenth century French physician Augustin Marie Morvan.

Nightmare disorder, also known as 'dream anxiety disorder', is a sleep disorder characterized by frequent nightmares.

Hypnagogia is the experience of the transitional state from wakefulness to sleep: the hypnagogic state of consciousness, during the onset of sleep.

Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) is an epileptic disorder that causes frequent violent seizures during sleep.

Nocturnal sleep-related eating disorder (NSRED), also known as sleep-related eating disorder (SRED), sleep eating, or somnambulistic eating, is a combination of a parasomnia and an eating disorder.

The lateral hypothalamus, also called the lateral hypothalamic area, contains the primary orexinergic nucleus within the hypothalamus that widely projects throughout the nervous system; this system of neurons mediates an array of cognitive and physical processes, such as promoting feeding behavior and arousal, reducing pain perception, and regulating body temperature, digestive functions, and blood pressure, among many others.

Caffeine-induced sleep disorder is a psychiatric disorder that results from overconsumption of the stimulant caffeine.