2022-11-27T04:09:02+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true Produce a protective lipid substance secreted through the hair follicles. Prevents water loss from skin. Located everywhere except palms and soles (most abundant in scalp, forehead, face, and chin), Type of sweat gland that opens directly onto the skin surface and produce saline. Reduces body temperature and widely distributed throughout the body., Type of sweat gland that produces a thick, milky secretion and open into the hair follicles. Located in the axillae, anogenital area, nipples, and navel. , Minor trauma may produce dark red discoloration in skin due to diminished vasularity and increased vascular fragility secondary to aging. This is called..., Which drugs increase sunlight sensitivity and elicit a burn response?, Significant hair loss, Shaggy or excessive hair growth, Excessive dry skin, Excessive oily skin. Causes red, itchy rash and white scales. Dandruff in scalp. , Itchiness from dry skin, aging, drug reactions, allergies, obstructive jaundice, uremia, and lice, Discoloration of the skin resulting from bleeding underneath (purple discoloration), Yellowish skin color that is first noted in the junction of the hard and soft palate in the mouth and in the sclera. , Small, flat macules of brown melanin pigment that occur on sun-exposed skin, Clump of melanocytes, tan-to-brown color, flat or raised, Type of nevus that has symmetry, small size (6mm or less), smooth borders, and single uniform pigmentation , Type of nevus that is macular (distinct spot) only and occurs in children/adolescents , Type of nevus that is macular (distinct spot) and papular. Occurs in young adults and stems from junctional nevus , A solid, raised area, usually less than 1 cm in diameter with distinct borders, Bluish mottled color from decreased perfusion , Condition that causes bluish pigmentation but is not necessarily caused by hypoxia. , Excessive perspiration/sweating, Overgrowth of the epidermis and is an adaptation to excessive pressure from the friction of work and weight bearing, Fluid accumulating in the interstitial spaces, When pressure leaves a dent in the skin, Ability of the skin to return to place promptly after release , Small (1-5 mm) smooth, slightly raised bright red dots that commonly appear on the trunk in all adults over 30 years. May increase in size and number with aging but are not significant , How to assess lesions? (PLACES), Pinpoint, round spots that appear on the skin as a result of bleeding. Usually flat to the touch, don't lose color when pressed , Whitening of skin when pressure is applied, Angle of the nail base is less than or equal to 160 degrees , Angle of the nail base is greater than or equal to 180 degrees , Common variation of hyperpigmentation in African-American, Asian, and Latino newborns. Blue-black-to-purple macular area at the sacrum or buttocks but sometimes on the abdomen, thigh, shoulders, or arms. Caused by deep dermal melanocytes and gradually fades during the first year.  , Large round or oval patch of lightbrown pigmentation. Usually normal finding. , Common rash that appears in the first 3-4 days of life. Sometimes called the "flea bite" rash or newborn rash, consists of tiny punctuate red macules and papules on the cheeks, trunk, chest, back, and buttocks.  , Produces a yellow-orange color in light-skinned people, but no yellowing in the sclera or mucous membranes. Comes from ingesting large amounts of food containing carotene (vit A precursor). , Tiny white papules on the forehead and eyelids, also on cheeks, nose, and chin. Sebum occuldes the opening of follicles, usually resolves spontaneously within a few weeks. , Flat, irregularly shaped red or pink patch found on forehead, eyelid, or upper lip but most commonly on back of neck (nuchal area). Present at birth and usually fades the first year , Jagged linear "stretch marks" of silver-to-pink color that appear during the 2nd trimester on the abdomen and breasts. Fade after delivery but do not disappear, Brownish-black line down the midline abdomen. Present in pregnant women. , Irregular brown patch of hyperpigmentation on the face. May occur with pregnancy or in women taking oral contraceptive pills. Disappears after pregnancy or discontinuation of pills, Common in pregnancy due to increased estrogen levels. Lesions w/ tiny red centers with radiating branches and occur on the face, neck, upper chest, and arms , Small, flat, brown macules. Circumscribed areas contain clusters of melanocytes that appear after extensive sun exposure. Appear on the forearms or dorsa of hands.  , Raised, thickened areas of pigmentation that look crusted, scaly, and warty. Develop mostly on the trunk, but also on hands and face. Do not become cancerous. , Overgrowths of normal skin that form a stalk and are polyp-like. Occur frequently on cheeks, neck, axillae, and trunk , Raised yellow papules with a central depression. More common in men, occurring in forehead, nose, and cheeks. "Pebbly looking" , Intact skin is red but unbroken. Localized redness in lightly pigmented skin does not blanch. Dark skin appears darker but does not blanch. May have changes in sensation, temperature, or firmness , Loss of epidermis and exposed dermis. Superficial ulcer looks shallow like an abrasion or open blister with a red-pink wound bed. No visible or deeper tissue , Wound extends into subcutaneous tissue and resembles a crater. See fat, granulation, and rolled edges. Do not see muscle, bone or tendon.  , Wound involves all skin layers and extends into supporting tissue. Exposed muscle, tendon, or bone, and may show slough (stringy matter attached to wound bed) or eschar (black or brown necrotic tissue), tunneling  , Red, moist, maculopapular patch with poorly defined borders in diaper area, extending along inguinal and gluteal folds. History of infrequent diaper changes or occlusive coverings. Inflammatory disease caused by skin irritation from ammonia, heat, moisture, occlusive diapers , Moist, thin-roofed vesicles with thin, erythematous base. Rupture to form erosions and thick, honey-colored crusts. Highly contagious bacterial infection of skin; most common in infants and children. Infection can spread to other body areas and other children and adults by direct contact , Red-purple maculopapular blotchy rash in dark skin and light skin appears on 3rd or 4th day of illness. Rash appears first behind ears and spreads over face and then over neck, trunk, arms, and legs; looks “coppery” and does not blanch. Also characterized by Koplik spots in mouth—bluish white, red-based elevations of 1 to 3 mm. Vaccine refusal has caused a decline in herd immunity and numerous outbreaks of infectious diseases. , Small, tight vesicles first appear on trunk and spread to face, arms, and legs (not palms or soles). Shiny vesicles on an erythematous base are commonly described as the “dewdrop on a rose petal.” Vesicles erupt in succeeding crops over several days; they become pustules and then crusts. Intensely pruritic , A hereditary chronic inflammatory skin disease with environmental triggers. Raised scaly, erythematous patch, with silvery scales, often pruritic and painful. Occurs on scalp, extensor surfaces of knees and elbows, lower back. Accompanied by nail pitting, onycholysis  , Small, grouped vesicles emerge along route of cutaneous sensory nerve, then pustules, then crusts. Caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV), a reactivation of the dormant virus of chickenpox. Acute appearance, unilateral, does not cross midline. Commonly on trunk; can be anywhere. If on ophthalmic branch of cranial nerve V, it poses risk to eye. Most common in adults older than 50 years. Pain is often severe and long-lasting in aging adults, called postherpetic neuralgia. , Infection has a prodrome of skin tingling and sensitivity. Lesion then erupts with tight vesicles followed by pustules and produces acute gingivostomatitis with many shallow, painful ulcers. Common location is upper lip; also in oral mucosa and tongue. , Usually starts as a small, pink or red papule (may be deeply pigmented) with a pearly translucent top and overlying telangiectasia (broken blood vessel). Then develops rounded, pearly borders with central red ulcer or looks like large open pore with central yellowing. Most common form of skin cancer; slow but inexorable growth.  , Arise from actinic keratoses or de novo. Erythematous scaly patch with sharp margins, 1 cm or more. Develops central ulcer and surrounding erythema. Usually on hands or head, areas exposed to UV radiation; at right, on habitually sun-exposed bald scalp. Less common but grows rapidly , Transformation of melanocytes may arise from preexisting nevus or de novo. Usually brown; can be tan, black, pink-red, purple, or mixed pigmentation. Often irregular or notched borders. May have scaling, flaking, oozing texture. Risk factors are UV radiation from sun exposure and indoor tanning, aging, and family history. In men, most melanomas are located on the trunk and back; in women most are on the legs and feet; in older adults, most are on the head and neck.  , Common vascular cancer in HIV-infected persons. Considered an AIDS-defining illness, can occur at any stage of HIV infection. Multiple patch-stage early lesions are faint pink on the temple and beard area. They easily could be mistaken for bruises or nevi and be ignored. The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy has decreased the risk of this cancer. , Red, swollen, tender inflammation of the nail folds. Acute paronychia is usually a bacterial infection with pus in the proximal nail fold, pain, and throbbing. Chronic paronychia is most often a fungal infection from a break in the cuticle in those who perform “wet” work , Sharply defined pitting and crumbling of nails with distal detachment often occurs with psoriasis , Elevated cavity containing free fluid, up to 1 cm; a “blister.” Clear serum flows if wall is ruptured. Examples: herpes simplex, early varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster (shingles), contact dermatitis. , Larger than 1 cm diameter; usually single chambered (unilocular); superficial in epidermis; thin-walled and ruptures easily. Examples: friction blister, pemphigus, burns, contact dermatitis , Encapsulated fluid-filled cavity in dermis or subcutaneous layer, tensely elevating skin. , Turbid fluid (pus) in the cavity. Circumscribed and elevated. Examples: impetigo, acne. , Solid, elevated, hard or soft, larger than 1 cm. May extend deeper into dermis than papule. Examples: xanthoma, fibroma, intradermal nevi , Superficial, raised, transient, and erythematous; slightly irregular shape from edema (fluid held diffusely in the tissues). Examples: mosquito bite, allergic reaction, dermographism., Solely a color change, flat and circumscribed, of less than 1 cm. Examples: freckles, flat nevi, hypopigmentation, petechiae, measles, scarlet fever. , Something you can feel (i.e., solid, elevated, circumscribed, less than 1 cm diameter) caused by superficial thickening in epidermis. Examples: elevated nevus (mole), lichen planus, molluscum, wart (verruca). , Papules coalesce to form surface elevation wider than 1 cm. A plateaulike, disk-shaped lesion. Examples: psoriasis, lichen planus, Macules that are larger than 1 cm. Examples: mongolian spot, vitiligo, café au lait spot, chloasma, measles rash, Larger than a few centimeters in diameter, firm or soft, deeper into dermis; may be benign or malignant Examples: lipoma, hemangioma., Wheals coalesce to form extensive reaction, intensely pruritic, Circular, begins in center and spreads to periphery (e.g., tinea corporis or ringworm, tinea versicolor, pityriasis rosea) , Lesions run together (e.g., urticaria [hives]). , Distinct, individual lesions that remain separate (e.g., acrochordon or skin tags, acne) , Twisted, coiled spiral, snakelike  , Clusters of lesions (e.g., vesicles of contact dermatitis). , A scratch, streak, line, or stripe. , Iris, resembles iris of eye, concentric rings of color in lesions (e.g., erythema multiforme) , Linear arrangement along a unilateral nerve route , Annular lesions grow together (e.g., lichen planus, psoriasis). , How to assess for skin cancer? (ABCDE) flashcards
Skin, Hair, Nails Assessment Extra Info

Skin, Hair, Nails Assessment Extra Info

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  • Produce a protective lipid substance secreted through the hair follicles. Prevents water loss from skin. Located everywhere except palms and soles (most abundant in scalp, forehead, face, and chin)
    Sebaceous Glands
  • Type of sweat gland that opens directly onto the skin surface and produce saline. Reduces body temperature and widely distributed throughout the body.
    Eccrine glands
  • Type of sweat gland that produces a thick, milky secretion and open into the hair follicles. Located in the axillae, anogenital area, nipples, and navel. 
    Apocrine glands
  • Minor trauma may produce dark red discoloration in skin due to diminished vasularity and increased vascular fragility secondary to aging. This is called...
    Senile Purpura
  • Which drugs increase sunlight sensitivity and elicit a burn response?
    sulfonamides, thiazide diuretics, oral hypoglycemic agents, tetracycline
  • Significant hair loss
    Alopecia
  • Shaggy or excessive hair growth
    Hirsutism 
  • Excessive dry skin
    Xerosis
  • Excessive oily skin. Causes red, itchy rash and white scales. Dandruff in scalp. 
    Seborrhea *caused by excessive sebum production from sebaceous glands. The red, itchy rash is seborrheic dermatitis
  • Itchiness from dry skin, aging, drug reactions, allergies, obstructive jaundice, uremia, and lice
    Pruritus
  • Discoloration of the skin resulting from bleeding underneath (purple discoloration)
    Ecchymosis  *not to be confused with bruise/contusion
  • Yellowish skin color that is first noted in the junction of the hard and soft palate in the mouth and in the sclera. 
    Jaundice *indicates rising amounts of bilirubin in the blood  (usually a symptom of liver disease b/c liver processes bilirubin) 
  • Small, flat macules of brown melanin pigment that occur on sun-exposed skin
    Ephelides (freckles)
  • Clump of melanocytes, tan-to-brown color, flat or raised
    Nevus (mole) 
  • Type of nevus that has symmetry, small size (6mm or less), smooth borders, and single uniform pigmentation 
    Acquired nevi 
  • Type of nevus that is macular (distinct spot) only and occurs in children/adolescents
    Type of nevus that is macular (distinct spot) only and occurs in children/adolescents
    Junctional nevus
  • Type of nevus that is macular (distinct spot) and papular. Occurs in young adults and stems from junctional nevus
    Type of nevus that is macular (distinct spot) and papular. Occurs in young adults and stems from junctional nevus
    Compound nevus 
  • A solid, raised area, usually less than 1 cm in diameter with distinct borders
    Papular lesion
  • Bluish mottled color from decreased perfusion 
    Cyanosis
  • Condition that causes bluish pigmentation but is not necessarily caused by hypoxia. 
    Polycythemia (increase in the number of red blood cells) *person cannot fully oxygenate the massive number of red blood cells 
  • Excessive perspiration/sweating
    Diaphoresis
  • Overgrowth of the epidermis and is an adaptation to excessive pressure from the friction of work and weight bearing
    Callus
  • Fluid accumulating in the interstitial spaces
    Edema
  • When pressure leaves a dent in the skin
    Pitting *pitting edema 
  • Ability of the skin to return to place promptly after release 
    Turgor *reflects elasticity of the skin 
  • Small (1-5 mm) smooth, slightly raised bright red dots that commonly appear on the trunk in all adults over 30 years. May increase in size and number with aging but are not significant 
    Cherry (senile) angiomas 
  • How to assess lesions? (PLACES)
    1) Pattern or shape (grouped/annular/confluent/linear) 2) Location and distribution  3) Any exudate / secretions (color & odor) 4) Color 5) Elevation (flat, raised, pedunculated/attached to a peduncle or stalk of tissue) 6) Size & Secretions/Exudate
  • Pinpoint, round spots that appear on the skin as a result of bleeding. Usually flat to the touch, don't lose color when pressed 
    Petechiae
  • Whitening of skin when pressure is applied
    Blanching 
  • Angle of the nail base is less than or equal to 160 degrees 
    Normal or slightly curved nail 
  • Angle of the nail base is greater than or equal to 180 degrees 
    Clubbing  *results from chronic low blood oxygen levels (i.e. cystic fibrosis, COPD, etc.)
  • Common variation of hyperpigmentation in African-American, Asian, and Latino newborns. Blue-black-to-purple macular area at the sacrum or buttocks but sometimes on the abdomen, thigh, shoulders, or arms. Caused by deep dermal melanocytes and gradually fades during the first year. 
    Common variation of hyperpigmentation in African-American, Asian, and Latino newborns. Blue-black-to-purple macular area at the sacrum or buttocks but sometimes on the abdomen, thigh, shoulders, or arms. Caused by deep dermal melanocytes and gradually fades during the first year. 
    Mongolian spot
  • Large round or oval patch of lightbrown pigmentation. Usually normal finding.
    Large round or oval patch of lightbrown pigmentation. Usually normal finding.
    Cafe au lait spot ("coffee w/ milk") 
  • Common rash that appears in the first 3-4 days of life. Sometimes called the "flea bite" rash or newborn rash, consists of tiny punctuate red macules and papules on the cheeks, trunk, chest, back, and buttocks. 
    Common rash that appears in the first 3-4 days of life. Sometimes called the "flea bite" rash or newborn rash, consists of tiny punctuate red macules and papules on the cheeks, trunk, chest, back, and buttocks. 
    Erythema Toxicum *cause is unknown, no treatment is needed
  • Produces a yellow-orange color in light-skinned people, but no yellowing in the sclera or mucous membranes. Comes from ingesting large amounts of food containing carotene (vit A precursor). 
    Carotenemia 
  • Tiny white papules on the forehead and eyelids, also on cheeks, nose, and chin. Sebum occuldes the opening of follicles, usually resolves spontaneously within a few weeks.
    Tiny white papules on the forehead and eyelids, also on cheeks, nose, and chin. Sebum occuldes the opening of follicles, usually resolves spontaneously within a few weeks.
    Milia
  • Flat, irregularly shaped red or pink patch found on forehead, eyelid, or upper lip but most commonly on back of neck (nuchal area). Present at birth and usually fades the first year
    Flat, irregularly shaped red or pink patch found on forehead, eyelid, or upper lip but most commonly on back of neck (nuchal area). Present at birth and usually fades the first year
    Nevus simplex (a.k.a stork bite or salmon patch) 
  • Jagged linear "stretch marks" of silver-to-pink color that appear during the 2nd trimester on the abdomen and breasts. Fade after delivery but do not disappear
    Striae
  • Brownish-black line down the midline abdomen. Present in pregnant women. 
    Linea Nigra
  • Irregular brown patch of hyperpigmentation on the face. May occur with pregnancy or in women taking oral contraceptive pills. Disappears after pregnancy or discontinuation of pills
    Chloasma
  • Common in pregnancy due to increased estrogen levels. Lesions w/ tiny red centers with radiating branches and occur on the face, neck, upper chest, and arms
    Common in pregnancy due to increased estrogen levels. Lesions w/ tiny red centers with radiating branches and occur on the face, neck, upper chest, and arms
    Vascular spiders (spider angioma)
  • Small, flat, brown macules. Circumscribed areas contain clusters of melanocytes that appear after extensive sun exposure. Appear on the forearms or dorsa of hands. 
    Small, flat, brown macules. Circumscribed areas contain clusters of melanocytes that appear after extensive sun exposure. Appear on the forearms or dorsa of hands. 
    Senile lentigines (a.k.a liver spots)
  • Raised, thickened areas of pigmentation that look crusted, scaly, and warty. Develop mostly on the trunk, but also on hands and face. Do not become cancerous. 
    Keratoses *seborrheic keratosis looks dark, greasy and "stuck on" 
  • Overgrowths of normal skin that form a stalk and are polyp-like. Occur frequently on cheeks, neck, axillae, and trunk
    Overgrowths of normal skin that form a stalk and are polyp-like. Occur frequently on cheeks, neck, axillae, and trunk
    Acrochordons (a.k.a "skin tags")
  • Raised yellow papules with a central depression. More common in men, occurring in forehead, nose, and cheeks. "Pebbly looking"
    Raised yellow papules with a central depression. More common in men, occurring in forehead, nose, and cheeks. "Pebbly looking"
    Sebaceous hyperplasia
  • Intact skin is red but unbroken. Localized redness in lightly pigmented skin does not blanch. Dark skin appears darker but does not blanch. May have changes in sensation, temperature, or firmness
    Intact skin is red but unbroken. Localized redness in lightly pigmented skin does not blanch. Dark skin appears darker but does not blanch. May have changes in sensation, temperature, or firmness
    Stage 1: Non-blanchable erythema (pressure injury, PI) 
  • Loss of epidermis and exposed dermis. Superficial ulcer looks shallow like an abrasion or open blister with a red-pink wound bed. No visible or deeper tissue
    Loss of epidermis and exposed dermis. Superficial ulcer looks shallow like an abrasion or open blister with a red-pink wound bed. No visible or deeper tissue
    Stage 2: partial-thickness skin loss (PI)
  • Wound extends into subcutaneous tissue and resembles a crater. See fat, granulation, and rolled edges. Do not see muscle, bone or tendon. 
    Wound extends into subcutaneous tissue and resembles a crater. See fat, granulation, and rolled edges. Do not see muscle, bone or tendon. 
    Stage 3: full-thickness skin loss
  • Wound involves all skin layers and extends into supporting tissue. Exposed muscle, tendon, or bone, and may show slough (stringy matter attached to wound bed) or eschar (black or brown necrotic tissue), tunneling 
    Wound involves all skin layers and extends into supporting tissue. Exposed muscle, tendon, or bone, and may show slough (stringy matter attached to wound bed) or eschar (black or brown necrotic tissue), tunneling 
    Stage 4: full-thickness skin/tissue loss (PI) 
  • Red, moist, maculopapular patch with poorly defined borders in diaper area, extending along inguinal and gluteal folds. History of infrequent diaper changes or occlusive coverings. Inflammatory disease caused by skin irritation from ammonia, heat, moisture, occlusive diapers
    Red, moist, maculopapular patch with poorly defined borders in diaper area, extending along inguinal and gluteal folds. History of infrequent diaper changes or occlusive coverings. Inflammatory disease caused by skin irritation from ammonia, heat, moisture, occlusive diapers
    Diaper Dermatitis
  • Moist, thin-roofed vesicles with thin, erythematous base. Rupture to form erosions and thick, honey-colored crusts. Highly contagious bacterial infection of skin; most common in infants and children. Infection can spread to other body areas and other children and adults by direct contact
    Moist, thin-roofed vesicles with thin, erythematous base. Rupture to form erosions and thick, honey-colored crusts. Highly contagious bacterial infection of skin; most common in infants and children. Infection can spread to other body areas and other children and adults by direct contact
    Impetigo
  • Red-purple maculopapular blotchy rash in dark skin and light skin appears on 3rd or 4th day of illness. Rash appears first behind ears and spreads over face and then over neck, trunk, arms, and legs; looks “coppery” and does not blanch. Also characterized by Koplik spots in mouth—bluish white, red-based elevations of 1 to 3 mm. Vaccine refusal has caused a decline in herd immunity and numerous outbreaks of infectious diseases.
    Red-purple maculopapular blotchy rash in dark skin and light skin appears on 3rd or 4th day of illness. Rash appears first behind ears and spreads over face and then over neck, trunk, arms, and legs; looks “coppery” and does not blanch. Also characterized by Koplik spots in mouth—bluish white, red-based elevations of 1 to 3 mm. Vaccine refusal has caused a decline in herd immunity and numerous outbreaks of infectious diseases.
    Measles (Rubeola)
  • Small, tight vesicles first appear on trunk and spread to face, arms, and legs (not palms or soles). Shiny vesicles on an erythematous base are commonly described as the “dewdrop on a rose petal.” Vesicles erupt in succeeding crops over several days; they become pustules and then crusts. Intensely pruritic
    Small, tight vesicles first appear on trunk and spread to face, arms, and legs (not palms or soles). Shiny vesicles on an erythematous base are commonly described as the “dewdrop on a rose petal.” Vesicles erupt in succeeding crops over several days; they become pustules and then crusts. Intensely pruritic
    Chickenpox (Varicella)
  • A hereditary chronic inflammatory skin disease with environmental triggers. Raised scaly, erythematous patch, with silvery scales, often pruritic and painful. Occurs on scalp, extensor surfaces of knees and elbows, lower back. Accompanied by nail pitting, onycholysis 
    A hereditary chronic inflammatory skin disease with environmental triggers. Raised scaly, erythematous patch, with silvery scales, often pruritic and painful. Occurs on scalp, extensor surfaces of knees and elbows, lower back. Accompanied by nail pitting, onycholysis 
    Psoriasis
  • Small, grouped vesicles emerge along route of cutaneous sensory nerve, then pustules, then crusts. Caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV), a reactivation of the dormant virus of chickenpox. Acute appearance, unilateral, does not cross midline. Commonly on trunk; can be anywhere. If on ophthalmic branch of cranial nerve V, it poses risk to eye. Most common in adults older than 50 years. Pain is often severe and long-lasting in aging adults, called postherpetic neuralgia.
    Small, grouped vesicles emerge along route of cutaneous sensory nerve, then pustules, then crusts. Caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV), a reactivation of the dormant virus of chickenpox. Acute appearance, unilateral, does not cross midline. Commonly on trunk; can be anywhere. If on ophthalmic branch of cranial nerve V, it poses risk to eye. Most common in adults older than 50 years. Pain is often severe and long-lasting in aging adults, called postherpetic neuralgia.
    Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
  • Infection has a prodrome of skin tingling and sensitivity. Lesion then erupts with tight vesicles followed by pustules and produces acute gingivostomatitis with many shallow, painful ulcers. Common location is upper lip; also in oral mucosa and tongue.
    Infection has a prodrome of skin tingling and sensitivity. Lesion then erupts with tight vesicles followed by pustules and produces acute gingivostomatitis with many shallow, painful ulcers. Common location is upper lip; also in oral mucosa and tongue.
    Labias Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores)
  • Usually starts as a small, pink or red papule (may be deeply pigmented) with a pearly translucent top and overlying telangiectasia (broken blood vessel). Then develops rounded, pearly borders with central red ulcer or looks like large open pore with central yellowing. Most common form of skin cancer; slow but inexorable growth. 
    Usually starts as a small, pink or red papule (may be deeply pigmented) with a pearly translucent top and overlying telangiectasia (broken blood vessel). Then develops rounded, pearly borders with central red ulcer or looks like large open pore with central yellowing. Most common form of skin cancer; slow but inexorable growth. 
    Basal Cell Carcinoma
  • Arise from actinic keratoses or de novo. Erythematous scaly patch with sharp margins, 1 cm or more. Develops central ulcer and surrounding erythema. Usually on hands or head, areas exposed to UV radiation; at right, on habitually sun-exposed bald scalp. Less common but grows rapidly
    Arise from actinic keratoses or de novo. Erythematous scaly patch with sharp margins, 1 cm or more. Develops central ulcer and surrounding erythema. Usually on hands or head, areas exposed to UV radiation; at right, on habitually sun-exposed bald scalp. Less common but grows rapidly
    Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  • Transformation of melanocytes may arise from preexisting nevus or de novo. Usually brown; can be tan, black, pink-red, purple, or mixed pigmentation. Often irregular or notched borders. May have scaling, flaking, oozing texture. Risk factors are UV radiation from sun exposure and indoor tanning, aging, and family history. In men, most melanomas are located on the trunk and back; in women most are on the legs and feet; in older adults, most are on the head and neck. 
    Transformation of melanocytes may arise from preexisting nevus or de novo. Usually brown; can be tan, black, pink-red, purple, or mixed pigmentation. Often irregular or notched borders. May have scaling, flaking, oozing texture. Risk factors are UV radiation from sun exposure and indoor tanning, aging, and family history. In men, most melanomas are located on the trunk and back; in women most are on the legs and feet; in older adults, most are on the head and neck. 
    Malignant Melanoma
  • Common vascular cancer in HIV-infected persons. Considered an AIDS-defining illness, can occur at any stage of HIV infection. Multiple patch-stage early lesions are faint pink on the temple and beard area. They easily could be mistaken for bruises or nevi and be ignored. The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy has decreased the risk of this cancer.
    Common vascular cancer in HIV-infected persons. Considered an AIDS-defining illness, can occur at any stage of HIV infection. Multiple patch-stage early lesions are faint pink on the temple and beard area. They easily could be mistaken for bruises or nevi and be ignored. The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy has decreased the risk of this cancer.
    AIDS-Related Kaposi Sarcoma: Patch Stage
  • Red, swollen, tender inflammation of the nail folds. Acute paronychia is usually a bacterial infection with pus in the proximal nail fold, pain, and throbbing. Chronic paronychia is most often a fungal infection from a break in the cuticle in those who perform “wet” work
    Red, swollen, tender inflammation of the nail folds. Acute paronychia is usually a bacterial infection with pus in the proximal nail fold, pain, and throbbing. Chronic paronychia is most often a fungal infection from a break in the cuticle in those who perform “wet” work
    Paronychia
  • Sharply defined pitting and crumbling of nails with distal detachment often occurs with psoriasis
    Sharply defined pitting and crumbling of nails with distal detachment often occurs with psoriasis
    Pitting (nails)
  • Elevated cavity containing free fluid, up to 1 cm; a “blister.” Clear serum flows if wall is ruptured. Examples: herpes simplex, early varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster (shingles), contact dermatitis.
    Elevated cavity containing free fluid, up to 1 cm; a “blister.” Clear serum flows if wall is ruptured. Examples: herpes simplex, early varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster (shingles), contact dermatitis.
    Vesicle
  • Larger than 1 cm diameter; usually single chambered (unilocular); superficial in epidermis; thin-walled and ruptures easily. Examples: friction blister, pemphigus, burns, contact dermatitis
    Larger than 1 cm diameter; usually single chambered (unilocular); superficial in epidermis; thin-walled and ruptures easily. Examples: friction blister, pemphigus, burns, contact dermatitis
    Bulla
  • Encapsulated fluid-filled cavity in dermis or subcutaneous layer, tensely elevating skin.
    Encapsulated fluid-filled cavity in dermis or subcutaneous layer, tensely elevating skin.
    Cyst
  • Turbid fluid (pus) in the cavity. Circumscribed and elevated. Examples: impetigo, acne.
    Turbid fluid (pus) in the cavity. Circumscribed and elevated. Examples: impetigo, acne.
    Pustule
  • Solid, elevated, hard or soft, larger than 1 cm. May extend deeper into dermis than papule. Examples: xanthoma, fibroma, intradermal nevi
    Solid, elevated, hard or soft, larger than 1 cm. May extend deeper into dermis than papule. Examples: xanthoma, fibroma, intradermal nevi
    Nodule
  • Superficial, raised, transient, and erythematous; slightly irregular shape from edema (fluid held diffusely in the tissues). Examples: mosquito bite, allergic reaction, dermographism.
    Wheal
  • Solely a color change, flat and circumscribed, of less than 1 cm. Examples: freckles, flat nevi, hypopigmentation, petechiae, measles, scarlet fever.
    Solely a color change, flat and circumscribed, of less than 1 cm. Examples: freckles, flat nevi, hypopigmentation, petechiae, measles, scarlet fever.
    Macule
  • Something you can feel (i.e., solid, elevated, circumscribed, less than 1 cm diameter) caused by superficial thickening in epidermis. Examples: elevated nevus (mole), lichen planus, molluscum, wart (verruca).
    Something you can feel (i.e., solid, elevated, circumscribed, less than 1 cm diameter) caused by superficial thickening in epidermis. Examples: elevated nevus (mole), lichen planus, molluscum, wart (verruca).
    Papule
  • Papules coalesce to form surface elevation wider than 1 cm. A plateaulike, disk-shaped lesion. Examples: psoriasis, lichen planus
    Plaque
  • Macules that are larger than 1 cm. Examples: mongolian spot, vitiligo, café au lait spot, chloasma, measles rash
    Patch
  • Larger than a few centimeters in diameter, firm or soft, deeper into dermis; may be benign or malignant Examples: lipoma, hemangioma.
    Tumor
  • Wheals coalesce to form extensive reaction, intensely pruritic
    Urticaria (Hives)
  • Circular, begins in center and spreads to periphery (e.g., tinea corporis or ringworm, tinea versicolor, pityriasis rosea)
    Circular, begins in center and spreads to periphery (e.g., tinea corporis or ringworm, tinea versicolor, pityriasis rosea)
    Annular
  • Lesions run together (e.g., urticaria [hives]).
    Lesions run together (e.g., urticaria [hives]).
    Confluent
  • Distinct, individual lesions that remain separate (e.g., acrochordon or skin tags, acne)
    Distinct, individual lesions that remain separate (e.g., acrochordon or skin tags, acne)
    Discrete
  • Twisted, coiled spiral, snakelike 
    Twisted, coiled spiral, snakelike 
    Gyrate
  • Clusters of lesions (e.g., vesicles of contact dermatitis).
    Clusters of lesions (e.g., vesicles of contact dermatitis).
    Grouped
  • A scratch, streak, line, or stripe.
    A scratch, streak, line, or stripe.
    Linear
  • Iris, resembles iris of eye, concentric rings of color in lesions (e.g., erythema multiforme)
    Iris, resembles iris of eye, concentric rings of color in lesions (e.g., erythema multiforme)
    Target
  • Linear arrangement along a unilateral nerve route
    Linear arrangement along a unilateral nerve route
    Zosteriform
  • Annular lesions grow together (e.g., lichen planus, psoriasis).
    Annular lesions grow together (e.g., lichen planus, psoriasis).
    Polycyclic
  • How to assess for skin cancer? (ABCDE)
    1) Asymmetry: divide mole in half, unequal halves  2) Border: edges are uneven, crusty, or notched 3) Color: variety of colors (white, blue) 4) Diameter: typically larger than a pencil eraser 5) Evolving: changes in size, shape, color, begins to bleed or scab