Hosam Mohamed-
f; leukopenia is common with viral infections
Leukocytosis always occurs when a pathogen is present. T/F?
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differential WBC test
- this white blood cell test helps clinicians identify what kind of pathogen is present.
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banded; segmented
_______ neutrophils are immature while _____ neutrophils are mature.
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a
Which test is useful in tracking the improvement and resolution of chronic infections?
a) Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
b) C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
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b
Which test is useful in assessing the duration and resolution of acute tissue injury?
a) Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
b) C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
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b
Which test is fast and measured daily?
a) Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
b) C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
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a
Which test has slow changes and should be used no more than weekly?
a) Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
b) C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
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d
Where is Procalcitonin usually produced?
a) hypothalamus
b) liver
c) bones
d) thyroid
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detect bacterial infections; when to discontinue antibiotics
What is the Procalcitonin (PCT) test used for? (2)
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signs; symptoms
______ are objective while ______ are subjective.
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abdominal tenderness, spreading erythema, dilated/constricted pupils, stiff neck, cloudy urine
What are universal signs of infection? (5)
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tachypnea + shortness of breath, crackles, use of accessory muscles for respiration, pulmonary consolidation + new or changing radiographic infiltrate
Signs & symptoms of respiratory infections? (4)
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e
Which respiratory responses cause IL-1, TNF, IL-8, and G-CSF to be produced?
a) neutrophils
b) inflammatory mediators
c) leakage
d) bacteria
e) alveolar macrophages
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a
Which respiratory response leads to leukocytosis, which then leads to purulent secretions?
a) neutrophils
b) inflammatory mediators
c) leakage
d) bacteria
e) alveolar macrophages
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b
Which respiratory response leads to alveolar capillary leak?
a) neutrophils
b) inflammatory mediators
c) leakage
d) bacteria
e) alveolar macrophages
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c
Which respiratory response leads to radiographic infiltrate?
a) neutrophils
b) inflammatory mediators
c) leakage
d) bacteria
e) alveolar macrophages
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d
Which respiratory response leads to severe hypoxemia + respiratory drive?
a) neutrophils
b) inflammatory mediators
c) leakage
d) bacteria
e) alveolar macrophages
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2-10 days
How long should RT infections last?
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dysuria, frequency, urgency, hematuria, suprapubic pain near completion of voiding
What are S/Sx of Cystitis? (5)
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flank pain, fever, malaise, hydronephrosis
What are S/Sx of Pyelonephritis? (4)
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24 hours
How long does Cystitis typically last?
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48-96 hours
How long does Pyelonephritis typically last?
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headache, fever, nuchal rigidity, altered mental status
What are S/Sx of CNS infection? (4)
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increased intracranial pressure; decreased cerebral blood flood + cerebrovascular autoregulation
What causes the symptoms of a CNS infection?
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every 4 hours
How often should patients w/ CNS infections be monitored?
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adhere to urinary epithelial cells; produce hemolysin/aerobactin
How do bacteria inflict damage in the Urinary tract? (2)
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multiply in the skin, release toxins, effects on vasculature
How do bacteria cause damage to the skin? (3)
