Schools of economic thought

Anti-capitalism encompasses a wide variety of movements, ideas and attitudes that oppose capitalism.

Georgism (also known as geoism and geonomics) is an economic philosophy (named after Henry George) that the economic value derived from land, including natural resources and natural opportunities, should belong equally to all residents of a community, but that people should own the value that they produce themselves.

Islamic economics (Arabic: الاقتصاد الإسلامي‎‎), is a term used to refer to Islamic commercial jurisprudence or fiqh al-mu'āmalāt (Arabic: فقه المعاملات‎‎), and also to an ideology of economics based on the teachings of Islam that takes a middle ground between the systems of Marxism and capitalism.

Supply-side economics is a macroeconomic theory that argues economic growth can be most effectively created by investing in capital and by lowering barriers on the production of goods and services.

Mercantilism was an economic theory and practice, dominant in modernized parts of Europe during the 16th to the 18th century, that promoted governmental regulation of a nation's economy for the purpose of augmenting state power at the expense of rival national powers.

Monetarism is a school of thought in monetary economics that emphasizes the role of governments in controlling the amount of money in circulation.

A planned economy is an economic system in which inputs are based on direct allocation.

The Stockholm School (Swedish: Stockholmsskolan), is a school of economic thought.

World-systems theory (also known as world-systems analysis or the world-systems perspective), a multidisciplinary, macro-scale approach to world history and social change, emphasizes the world-system (and not nation states) as the primary (but not exclusive) unit of social analysis.

Econophysics is an interdisciplinary research field, applying theories and methods originally developed by physicists in order to solve problems in economics, usually those including uncertainty or stochastic processes and nonlinear dynamics.

Fractional-reserve banking is the practice whereby a bank accepts deposits, makes loans or investments, and holds reserves that are equivalent to a fraction of its deposit liabilities.

Malthusianism is a school of ideas derived from the political/economic thought of the Reverend Thomas Robert Malthus, as laid out in his 1798 writings, An Essay on the Principle of Population, which describes how unchecked population growth is exponential while the growth of the food supply was expected to be arithmetical.

In economics, the freshwater school (or sometimes sweetwater school) comprises US-based macroeconomists who, in the early 1970s, challenged the prevailing consensus in macroeconomics research.

Evolutionary economics is part of mainstream economics as well as a heterodox school of economic thought that is inspired by evolutionary biology.

New classical macroeconomics, sometimes simply called new classical economics, is a school of thought in macroeconomics that builds its analysis entirely on a neoclassical framework.

Socialist economics refers to the economic theories, practices, and norms of hypothetical and existing socialist economic systems.

A decentralized-planned economy or decentrally-planned economy (occasionally horizontally-planned economy) is a type of economic system based on decentralized economic planning, in which decision-making is distributed amongst various economic agents or localized within production units.

In the history of economic thought, a school of economic thought is a group of economic thinkers who share or shared a common perspective on the way economies work.

Production for use is a phrase referring to the principle of economic organization and production taken as a defining criterion for a socialist economy.

Economic Humanitarianism is a collection of economic ideas which, according to its creator Claude Vorilhon, is designed to complement Geniocracy.

The pluralism in economics movement is a campaign to 'enrich teaching and research and reinvigorate the discipline.