Religious persecution

The Orthodox Ohrid Archbishopric (Serbian, Macedonian: Православна Охридска Архиепископија, Pravoslavna Ohridska Arhiepiskopija) is an autonomous Eastern Orthodox Archbishopric with canonical jurisdiction over the territory of the Republic of Macedonia.

Watchman Nee, or Ni Tuosheng (Chinese: 倪柝声; pinyin: Ní Tuòshēng; November 4, 1903 – May 30, 1972), was a church leader and Christian teacher who worked in China during the 20th century.

Blessed Anacleto González Flores (July 13, 1888 – April 1, 1927) was a Mexican Catholic layman and lawyer, executed during the persecution of the Catholic Church under the presidency of Plutarco Elías Calles.

Discrimination against atheists (sometimes called atheophobia or atheistophobia, anti-atheism, or anti-atheist sentiment), both at present and historically, includes the persecution of those identifying themselves or labeled by others as atheists, as well as the discrimination against them.

Jovan Vraniškovski (Serbian and Macedonian: Јован Вранишковски; born 28 February 1966), numbered Jovan VI, is a Serbian Orthodox bishop, currently the head of the Orthodox Ohrid Archbishopric, an autonomous church that split off from the unrecognized Macedonian Orthodox Church in 2002 to seek reunification with the Serbian Orthodox Church and the other Orthodox churches.

The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition (Spanish: Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición), commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition (Inquisición española), was established in 1480 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile.

The Bhagavad Gita trial in Russia was a trial that commenced in 2011 about banning the Russian edition of the book, Bhagavad Gita As It Is (1968), a translated version of the Hindu holy text, Bhagavad Gita, on charges of religious extremism.

The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre (French: Massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy) in 1572 was a targeted group of assassinations and a wave of Catholic mob violence, directed against the Huguenots (French Calvinist Protestants) during the French Wars of Religion.

The Reign of Terror (5 September 1793 – 28 July 1794), also known as The Terror (French: la Terreur), was a period of violence that occurred after the onset of the French Revolution, incited by conflict between two rival political factions, the Girondins and The Jacobins, and marked by mass executions of "enemies of the revolution".

Pietro Leoni (1909–1995) was a Jesuit priest from Italy who later worked in the Soviet Union.

The European Wars of Religion were a series of religious wars waged in Europe from 1524 to 1648, following the onset of the Protestant Reformation in Central, Western and Northern Europe.

The anti-cult movement (abbreviated ACM; sometimes called the countercult movement) opposes any new religious movement (NRM) that they characterize as a cult.

José Ramón Miguel Agustín Pro Juárez also known as Blessed Miguel Pro (born January 13, 1891 – executed November 23, 1927), was a Mexican Jesuit Catholic priest executed under the presidency of Plutarco Elías Calles on trumped-up charges of bombing and attempted assassination of former Mexican President Álvaro Obregón.

As the Roman Republic, and later the Roman Empire, expanded, it came to include people from a variety of cultures, and religions.

The German term (pronounced [kʊlˈtuːɐ̯kampf], literally "culture struggle") refers to power struggles between emerging constitutional and democratic nation states and the Roman Catholic Church over the place and role of religion in modern polity, usually in connection with secularization campaigns.

Walter Joseph Ciszek, S.

Deprogramming refers to coercive measures to force a person in a controversial belief system to change those beliefs and abandon allegiance to the religious, political, economic, or social group associated with the belief system.

The Edict of Fontainebleau (22 October 1685) was an edict issued by Louis XIV of France, also known as the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes.

Saint José María Robles Hurtado (May 3, 1888 – June 26, 1927) was a Mexican priest and one of several priests martyred during the Cristero War.

HINDRAF or Hindu Rights Action Force (Malay: Barisan Bertindak Hak-Hak Hindu, Tamil: இந்து உரிமைகள் போராட்டக் குழு, Chinese:兴权 ) with its slogan of People's Power (மக்கள் சக்தி translated as Makkal Sakthi ) began as a coalition of 30 Hindu non-governmental organisations committed to the preservation of Hindu community rights and heritage in a multiracial Malaysia.

Christian Solidarity International (CSI) is a Christian human rights NGO that is "committed to defending religious liberty, helping victims of religious repression, victimized children, and victims of disaster.

Throughout Jehovah's Witnesses' history, their beliefs, doctrines, and practices have engendered controversy and opposition from local governments, communities, and religious groups.

Numerus clausus ("closed number" in Latin) is one of many methods used to limit the number of students who may study at a university.

Blessed Mateo Elías Nieves Castillo (21 September 1882 – 10 March 1928) was a Mexican Roman Catholic priest who was also a member of the Order of Saint Augustine who assumed the name of Elias del Socorro when he became a member of the order.

Persecution of Jewish people has occurred on many occasions and in widely different geographical locations.

Paul Henry Maty (1744, London - 16 January 1787) was an English librarian.

Perkasa or Persatuan Pribumi Perkasa (Malay for "Mighty Native Organisation") is a non-governmental Malay dominance organisation that was formed by Ibrahim Ali in the aftermath of the Malaysian general elections in 2008.

The Ahmadiyya regard themselves as Muslims, but are seen by many other Muslims as non-Muslims and "heretics" since they do not believe in the finality of prophethood since the death of Muhammad.

Six Million Crucifixions: How Christian Teachings About Jews Paved the Road to the Holocaust is a 2010 history book by author Gabriel Wilensky.

The Voice of the Martyrs (VOM) is the name of several related Christian organizations founded through the influence of Pastor Richard Wurmbrand in such countries as Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States.

Traditional African religions have faced persecution from the proponents of different ideologies.

Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd (Arabic: نصر حامد أبو زيد‎‎, IPA: [ˈnɑsˤɾe ˈħæːmed aboˈzeːd]; also Abu Zaid or Abu Zeid; July 10, 1943 – July 5, 2010) was an Egyptian Qur'anic thinker, author, academic and one of the leading liberal theologians in Islam.

James Nayler (or Naylor; 1616–1660) was an English Quaker leader.

Desecration (also called desacralization or desanctification) is the act of depriving something of its sacred character, or the disrespectful, contemptuous, or destructive treatment of that which is held to be sacred or holy by a group or individual.

Sol Hachuel (1817, Tangier–1834, Fez) was a Jewish heroine who was publicly decapitated when she was 17 years old.

Blessed Bartolomé Blanco Márquez (25 November 1914 – 2 October 1936) was a secretary of Catholic Action and a delegate to the Catholic Syndicates.

Sayyid Al-Qemany (Arabic: سيد محمد القمني‎‎ (also al-Qimni) born March 13, 1947 in Beni Suef) is an Egyptian writer and thinker.

Pilgram Marpeck (died 1556), also Pilgram Marbeck or Pilgrim Marpeck, was an important South German Anabaptist leader in the 16th century.

Michael Sattler (1495 – 20 May 1527) was a monk who left the Roman Catholic Church during the Protestant Reformation to become one of the early leaders of the Anabaptist movement.

Peter Titelmann, (1501 - 1572) served as the Dean of Ronsen, in Flanders, until 1546 when he was raised to the rank of Inquisitor.

Khalil Abdel-Karim (خليل عبد الكريم Arabic) (born in Aswan City in Upper Egypt) is an Egyptian writer, scholar and lawyer.

Anti-Mormonism is discrimination, persecution, hostility or prejudice directed at members of the Latter Day Saint movement, particularly The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

The "movement to destroy the worship of gods" (Hangul: 미신 타파 운동 misin tapa undong, also "to defeat the worship of gods"), also described as "movement to destroy superstition", as 미신 misin is often translated after the movement, comprises a series of waves of "demonisation" and forceful eradication of Korean shamanism, folk religion, and mythology that took place in the period between the late 19th century and the 1980s.

Ferdinand Sigg (March 22, 1902 in Thalwil (Switzerland) – October 27, 1965 in Zürich (Switzerland)) was the first European bishop of the Central Conference of Middle and Southern Europe of the Methodist Episcopal Church He grew up in a Methodist workman family.

Martyrs Mirror or The Bloody Theater, first published in Holland in 1660 in Dutch by Thieleman J.

Tomás Garrido Canabal (September 20, 1891 in Playas de Catazajá, Chiapas – April 8, 1943 in Los Angeles, California) was a Mexican politician and revolutionary and atheist activist.

Pierre de Rosteguy de Lancre or Pierre de l'Ancre, Lord of De Lancre (1553–1631), was the French judge of Bordeaux who conducted a massive witch-hunt in Labourd in 1609.

National League for the Defense of Religious Liberty (Liga Nacional Defensora de la Libertad Religiosa - LNDLR) or National League for the Defense of Religious Freedom was a Mexican Catholic religious civil rights organization formed in March 1925 that played a crucial role in the Cristero War of 1926-1929.

The Third Choice: Islam, Dhimmitude and Freedom is written by Mark Durie, with a Foreword by Bat Ye'or.

Benjamin Keach (29 February 1640 – 18 July 1704) was a Particular Baptist preacher in London whose name was given to Keach's Catechism.

The persecution of Falun Gong refers to the campaign initiated in 1999 by the Chinese Communist Party to eliminate the spiritual practice of Falun Gong in China.

The Red Terror in Spain (Spanish: Terror Rojo) is the name given by historians to various acts of violence committed from 1936 until the end of the Spanish Civil War "by sections of nearly all the leftist groups".

Catholicism in the Second Spanish Republic was an important area of dispute, and tensions between the Catholic hierarchy and the Republic were apparent from the beginning - the establishment of the Republic began 'the most dramatic phase in the contemporary history of both Spain and the Church.

Christian Solidarity Worldwide (CSW) is a human rights organisation which specialises in religious freedom and works on behalf of those persecuted for their Christian beliefs, persecuted for other religious belief or persecuted for lack of belief.

(This is a Chinese name; the family name is Ma.) Thaddeus Ma Daqin (Chinese: 马达钦) (born 1968, Shanghai, China) is the Roman Catholic bishop of Shanghai.

Religion in the Greco-Roman world at the time of the Constantinian shift mostly comprised three main currents: * the traditional religions of ancient Greece and Rome; * the official Roman imperial cult; * various mystery religions, such as the Eleusinian Mysteries, Christianity, and the mystery cults of Cybele, Mithras, and the syncretized Isis.

Dhammalok Mahasthavir (Devanagari: धम्मालोक महास्थविर) (born Das Ratna Tuladhar) (16 January 1890 – 17 October 1966) was a Nepalese Buddhist monk who worked to revive Theravada Buddhism in Nepal in the 1930s and 1940s.

Criticism is a tool employed by some Muslim reformers seeking to improve the religion.

International Christian Concern (ICC) is a non-denominational, non-governmental, non-partisan Christian organization, located in Washington, DC, whose concern is the human rights of Christians and religious minorities.

The following is a list of a number of recent incidents characterized as inspired by Islamophobia by commentators.