Juliet Reyes-
Reading order for a kid to develop literacy skills:
Touch the book, Listening to a story, Phonological awareness, Read a story.
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flaccid/dsyarthria treatment question
strengthening muscles
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The baby w dysphagia question
lack of oxygen causes the fatigue
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Taste to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is achieved through innervation from the
a branch of the facial nerve (CN VII).
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which muscles move the dorsum in the tongue
intrinsic muscles
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chri-chat u had to know the exact type of disorder
chromosome sex(other choices were autosomal recessive/dominant)
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stuttering brain activation question
brainwave/blood flow
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patient after CVA being depressed
counseling and letting their caregivers know that its ok to feel that way after a stroke
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example of a goal and you had to say if it was appropriate or not
I put no bc it didnt say how it would be measured
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Differences between clinician, client, and hybrid therapy (gives you six choices to choose from, more like check boxes)
Clinician Directed - Drill, drill play, and clinician-directed modeling
Child-Directed - Daily activities and facilitated play
Hybrid - Milieu therapy, focused stimulation, and script therapy
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Infant and adult-direct language
slower rate, a higher fundamental frequency, greater pitch variations, longer pauses, repetitive intonational structures, and shorter sentences.
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Which voice disorder leads to sudden aphonia?
sudden aphonia
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Oropharyngeal phase CN nerves
only 5, 7, 9, 12 made sense
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When would you use a non-formative DDK
apraxia & dysarthria
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How to build vocab in high school student
direct vocab, tier 2 and morphological awareness
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Know what CTE looks like
dementia (Alzheimer's type
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Preschool screening, one of the kids failed and he did not get any of the answers correct
full evaluation for hearing
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What is the first stage of Brown’s development
In Stage 1 (1-2 years), kids use short sentences. Child knows at least 50 words
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Speech reading: what sound to start teaching first
/m/
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When to use t-test
two independent variables
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What can negatively affect phonological therapy for children with Down syndrome
craniofacial differences
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What 3 muscles work synergistically to propel and elevate the tongue?
genioglossus, styloglossus, palatoglossus
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What do you do if you’re a school based SLP and you are asked to do a swallowing assessment on a student
refer
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Adults who stutter show more activity in the ____ hemisphere than adults who do not
right
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Water Swallowing Screening. What is a fail?
coughing while drinking water, unable to consecutively swallow water
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What does the Hawthorne effect do to study results?
Internal validity
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Cri Du Chat
Chromosomal disorder
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prevalence of CAS
1-2 to every 1000 kids (0.1%–0.2%), higher occurrences in males than females at a ratio of 2-3:1- ASHA
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Coalescence
2 phonemes substituted with different phoneme of similar features “foon” for “spoon”
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Metathesis
2 consonants are reordered “god” for “dog”, “puck” for “cup”
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Homophony
Child’s production of words are the same; “coat”, “coach”, and “coke” and produced as “tote”
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Masako
(pharyngeal constriction and tongue base movement)
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Shaker
(strengthen muscles to increase opening the upper esophageal sphincter )
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Expiratory strength training
(MATCHED WITH THE COUGH STRENGTH)
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cookie bite
You cannot hear the sounds of mid-range frequencies between 500 Hz and 2,000 Hz.
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Treatment for muscle tension dysphonia
Circumlaryngeal massage (Indirect therapy)
Vocal Hygiene (Indirect therapy)
Resonant voice therapy (RVT) (Direct therapy)
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there was a question about paradoxical vocal folds and we had to select 3 people who would be on the team.
A. Gastroenterologist GI
B. Otolaryngologist ENT
C. Allergist
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presbycusis
Presbycusis refers to bilateral age-related hearing loss
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locutionary phase
- Girl will verbalize something about a bubble
- When, by 12 months, children begin to use words with a referential value, they enter the stage of locutionary acts (Harding and Golinkoff, 1979) In the locutionary stage, the child signals his intentions using words or syllables
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Yale swallow
YALE SWALLOW PROTOCOL = screening for aspiration risk
There was an opinion to watery eyes,
● Have pt. drink 3 oz. of water non-stop
● Pass: They can drink water non-stop
● Fail: inability to drink the entire amount, interrupted drinking, or coughing during or immediately after drinking.
● Overt signs of aspiration - coughing or choking either during or immediately after completion
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Asked about intrinsic structures (2) that help laryngeal elevation
True vocal folds
Epiglottis
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Tongue muscles the flatten tongue
vertical muscle and genioglossus
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what will an slp tell parents about bilingualism and therapy?
bilingualism doesn’t cause a language disorder.
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Patient was making progress in therapy and all of a sudden pt was making regression. what should you do
Modify cues
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Lacunar Stroke and what it impairs
Working Memory
Problem Solving
Orientation of time and place
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Which muscles involved w velopharyngeal closure/opening
levator veli palatini and musculus uvualae
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Usher Syndrome
cause deaf and blindness
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Mother concerned child is only using 20 words at 18 months what would you do ( choices PICK 2:
inform her to enroll child in school at 3yrs old to catch up
inform her that this is normal and as long as she gets to 2 with at least 50 words it’s fine
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Student is playing with blocks and not paying attention what would you do
remove the blocks and present new activity,
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embryological palate & lip development
3-4 week: internal ear forms
4 week: 4 pair of branchial arches, 5th and 6th arches cannot be seen on surface
4-5 week: primitive face begins to emerge (two nasal placodes and sink to form nasal pits)
5-6 week: tissue that forms soft palate begins to migrate
5-8 week: MaxP increases in size and grows medially to the LNP forming the upper lip and outer portion of nares
7-9 week: closure of the upper lip
8 week: hard and soft palate share space; hard palate divides the oral and nasal cavities, soft palate is a continuation of the pharynx
9-10 week: complete closure of the hard palate
10 week: heart moves internally and the tongue descends and uvula 10-12 week: the soft palate tissue fuses
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A person receives information visually by watching hand movements, as well as natural mouth movement.
speech reading
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Print awareness vs phonemic awareness matching chart
Phonological awareness refers to a child's specific ability to detect and manipulate sounds and syllables in words. Phonological awareness encompasses the ability to be aware of sounds and syllables apart from whole words.
Print knowledgerefers to children's emergent knowledge about functions and forms of written language. For example, a child needs to be able to distinguish uppercase from lowercase letters
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high/low prevalence of disorders
-speech and language impairment: high
-hearing impairment: high
-severe cog: low
-mild cog: high
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Velopharyngeal closure muscles
Levator Veli Palatine, Tensor Palatine,
Superior pharyngeal Constrictor, Palatoglossus
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What dysphagia may look like in a patient with a laryngectomy (select two)
something to do with the Bolus and UES
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need to Know what a submucous cleft palate looks like PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
1. notch in a hard palate
2. abnormal orientation of soft palate muscles causing the middle velum to be thin and bluish in color
3. bifid uvula (split in two)
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Nerve support for oropharyngeal swallowing
CN IX - Glossopharyngeal CN X Vagus CN XII - Hypoglossal
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Best tx methods to use for pts with flaccid/spastic dysarthria that would result in broad improvements.
Expiratory strength training
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If a pt has no evidence of dysphagia after a VFSS, but still complains about having food stuck in their throat, what should an SLP refer for or perform if appropriate for further dx
FEES
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Male 18 yr old’s voice hasn’t changed. What indirect treatments could help?
Laryngeal repositioning
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weakness/damage is on one side what will it look like?
Tongue protrusion on left: left side damage
Tongue protrusion on right: right side damage
hypoglossal damage= tongue paralysis, tongue moves to the affected side of the damage
Found that online, is it right? Yes, tongue deviates towards the side damaged.
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Some norms related to articulation like early, middle, and late 8 sounds
Early 8 – /m, b, j, n, w, d, p, h/
Middle 8 – /t, ŋ, k, g, f, v, tʃ, dʒ/
Late 8 – /ʃ, θ, s, z, ð, l, r, ʒ/
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Specificity vs sensitivity Q
- Specificity: test’s ability to designate a negative response as a negative response
-identifies those who DO NOT have the disorder
Ex: Specificity is the proportion of people who pass the screening test who are NOT aspirators
- Sensitivity: test’s ability to designate a positive response as a positive response
- the accuracy in diagnosing populations who DO have the disorder
Ex: Sensitivity is the proportion of people who fail the screening test who are aspirators
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Name 3 muscles that help hyolaryngeal excursion
digastric, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid
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Which disorder is more popular for a school-based SLP for students aged 3-10
speech
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Which 3 cranial nerves help move the tongue to a dorsum position.
CN IX Glossopharyngeal (CN 9)=
CN X Vagus (CN 10)
CN XII Hypoglossal (CN 12)
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What kind of sentence structure/grammar is in Stage 1?
Something about “using an action”
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What is happening if a baby with dysphagia is not gaining weight
Lack of oxygen caused the fatigue
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Mrs. Smithheard
parkinsons
neurologist
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put EBP in order
Ask a question. ...
Find information/evidence to answer question. ...
Critically appraise the information/evidence. ...
Integrate appraised evidence with own clinical expertise and patient's preferences. ...
Evaluate.
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There was an IDEA question about someone opening up their own pay for service practice and giving brochures to clients in their school that they currently treat and what code of ethics it interferes.
it would be principle 3 violated
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A question about indirect treatment for vocal nodules.
Vocal Hygiene
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The intellectual disability question someone mentioned asked about if someone w down syndrome who was previously diagnosed w a developmental disability and the parent read something about intellectual disability, is it the same thing
down syndrome= genetic cause of Intellectual disability
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if an adult who stutters doesn't present w consistent errors
how its concomitant w another disorder
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Which measurement is best for the oral phase?
VFSS (Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study)
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is it how to assess them for hypernasality during an endoscopy
connected speech
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A select 3 for which r most important for patient when considering direct treatment for AAC.
A, Operational Competence regarding AAC device mastery of technical skills to operate the system
B. Technical skills needed to operative the device
C. knowing how to repair communication breakdowns,
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which kind of research design was best?
randomized control study.
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A study where u had to identify the independent variable.
A. Independent variable is directly manipulated by the experimenter to produce changes in the dependent variable. For example, in treatment research, all treatments are considered independent variables.
B.Dependent variable is the variable that is affected by the manipulation of the independent variable. For example, in treatment research, all disorders are dependent variables. Dependent variables must be defined very specifically so that they are measurable.
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For a client named Louis. How would an SLP measure his stuttering?
-Frequency of stutter
-Facial grimaces
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Why might Louis have chronic stuttering?
-Family member stutters
-Disfluencies staying the same since they first began
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The child stutters more when the mom comes into the room. What do you want to assess about the mom?
-Mom's rate of speech
-Mom interrupting the child
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A question about a patient after CVA being depressed.
The answer had to do w counseling and letting their caregivers know that it's ok to feel that way after a stroke.
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A weird stuttering question about mom using some kind of technique with positive reinforcement and pointing out when he stutters
answers had to do with exacerbating stuttering because he is more aware etc.
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an emerging literacy question about which one of the following u would do last.
1. Cooing: 2 - 3 months
2. Babbling: 6 - 8 months
3. Echolalia: 12 months +
4. Developing plurals (30 months or something like that)
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one was about which acoustic trait would change voice
decrease in natural formants of energy
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in the p/b sounds, what is the biggest diff?
voice of onset
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gave a scenario and you had to say if the person aspirated before, during or after the swallow
Aspiration before swallowing was defined as premature liquid spillage into the unprepared pharynx.
Aspiration after swallowing was defined as the presence of excessive amounts of food residue in the pharynx after swallow and overflow into the trachea.
Aspiration DURING…. I assume is poor closure of airway due to poor laryngeal elevation???
