Protestant Reformation

Nikolaus Selnecker (or Selneccer) (December 5, 1530 – May 24, 1592) was a German musician and theologian.

Johann Brenz (24 June 1499 – 11 September 1570) was a German theologian and the Protestant Reformer of the Duchy of Württemberg.

Franz von Sickingen or Francis of Sickingen (2 March 1481 – 7 May 1523) was a German knight, one of the most notable figures of the first period of the Reformation.

Adiaphoron (plural: adiaphora from the Greek ἀδιάφορα "indifferent things") is a concept of Stoic philosophy that indicates things outside of moral law—that is, actions that morality neither mandates nor forbids.

Jón Arason (1484 – November 7, 1550) was an Icelandic Roman Catholic bishop and poet, who was executed in his struggle against the imposition of the Protestant Reformation in Iceland.

Johannes Oecolampadius, IPA: [ɔɪkɑːlæmpædiːʌs], or Oekolampad (1482 – 24 November 1531) was a German Reformed theologian religious reformer from the Electorate of the Palatinate.

John Fisher (c. 19 October 1469 – 22 June 1535), venerated by Roman Catholics as Saint John Fisher, was an English Catholic bishop and theologian.

Maurice (21 March 1521 – 9 July 1553) was Duke (1541–47) and later Elector (1547–53) of Saxony.

The Tetrapolitan Confession, also called the Confessio Tetrapolitana, Strasbourg Confession, or Swabian Confession, was the official confession of the followers of Huldrych Zwingli and the first confession of the reformed church.

Balthasar Hubmaier, also Hubmair, Hubmayr, Hubmeier, Huebmör, Hubmör, Friedberger, Latin: Pacimontanus (c. 1480 – 10 March, 1528) was an influential German/Moravian (Schwertler) Anabaptist leader.

Melchior Hoffman (or Hofmann; byname: Pel(t)zer "furrier"; c. 1495 – c. 1543) was an Anabaptist prophet and a visionary leader in northern Germany and the Netherlands.

Zacharias Ursinus (18 July 1534 – 6 May 1583) was a sixteenth-century German Reformed theologian, born Zacharias Baer in Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland).

Jakob Andreae (March 25, 1528 – January 7, 1590) was a significant German Lutheran theologian, involved in the drafting of major documents.

Matthew Parker (6 August 1504 – 17 May 1575) was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1559 until his death in 1575.

Caspar Olevian (or Kaspar Olevianus; 10 August 1536 – 15 March 1587) was a significant German Reformed theologian during the Protestant Reformation and along with Zacharius Ursinus was said to be co-author of the Heidelberg Catechism.

The Book of Concord or Concordia (often, Lutheran Confessions is appended to or substituted for the title) (1580) is the historic doctrinal standard of the Lutheran Church, consisting of ten credal documents recognized as authoritative in Lutheranism since the 16th century.

The Schmalkaldic League (English /ʃmɔːlˈkɔːldɪk/; German: Schmalkaldischer Bund; Latin: Foedus Smalcaldicum or Liga Smalcaldica) was a defensive alliance of Lutheran princes within the Holy Roman Empire during the mid-16th century.

Anabaptism (from Neo-Latin anabaptista, from the Greek ἀναβαπτισμός: ἀνά- "re-" and βαπτισμός "baptism") is a Christian movement which traces its origins to the Radical Reformation in Europe.

Laurentius Petri Nericius (1499 – 27 October 1573) was a Swedish clergyman and the first Evangelical Lutheran Archbishop of Sweden.

Martin Chemnitz (November 9, 1522 – April 8, 1586) was an eminent second-generation German Lutheran theologian, reformer, churchman, and confessor.

Johann von Staupitz, O.

Bernhard Knipperdolling (c. 1495 – January 22, 1536) was a Reverend and German leader of the Münster Anabaptists.

The Augsburg Interim ("Declaration of His Roman Imperial Majesty on the Observance of Religion Within the Holy Empire Until the Decision of the General Council") is the general term given to an imperial decree ordered on 15 May 1548 at the 1548 Diet of Augsburg, after Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, had defeated the forces of the Schmalkaldic League in the Schmalkaldic War of 1546/47.

The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre (French: Massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy) in 1572 was a targeted group of assassinations and a wave of Catholic mob violence, directed against the Huguenots (French Calvinist Protestants) during the French Wars of Religion.

The Edict of Nantes (French: édit de Nantes), signed on 13 of April 1598 by King Henry IV of France, granted the Calvinist Protestants of France (also known as Huguenots) substantial rights in the nation, which was still considered essentially Catholic at the time.

The European Wars of Religion were a series of religious wars waged in Europe from 1524 to 1648, following the onset of the Protestant Reformation in Central, Western and Northern Europe.

Hans Tausen (Tavsen) (1494 – 11 November 1561) was the leading Lutheran theologian of the Danish Reformation in Denmark.

Matthias Flacius Illyricus (Latin; Croatian: Matija Vlačić Ilirik) (3 March 1520 – 11 March 1575) was a Lutheran reformer from Istria, present day Croatia.

William Farel (1489 – 13 September 1565), Guilhem Farel or Guillaume Farel (French: [gijom faʁɛl]), was a French evangelist, and a founder of the Reformed Church in the cantons of Neuchâtel, Berne, Geneva, and Vaud in Switzerland.

Jan Hus (/hʊs/; Czech: [ˈjan ˈɦus] ; c. 1372 – 6 July 1415), often referred to in English as John Hus or John Huss, was a Czech priest, philosopher, early Christian reformer and Master at Charles University in Prague.

Joachim Vadian (November 29, 1484 – April 6, 1551), born as Joachim von Watt, was a Swiss humanist, scholar, mayor and Reformed reformer in St.

William Tyndale (/ˈtɪndəl/; sometimes spelled Tynsdale, Tindall, Tindill, Tyndall; c. 1494–1536) was an English scholar who became a leading figure in Protestant reform in the years leading up to his execution.

Hugh Latimer (c. 1487 – 16 October 1555) was a Fellow of Clare College, Cambridge, and Bishop of Worcester before the Reformation, and later Church of England chaplain to King Edward VI.

Philip Melanchthon (Philippus Melanchthon) (/məˈlæŋkθən/; 16 February 1497 – 19 April 1560), born Philipp Schwartzerdt (German: [ˈʃvaɐ̯ts.eːɐt]), was a German reformer, collaborator with Martin Luther, the first systematic theologian of the Protestant Reformation, intellectual leader of the Lutheran Reformation, and an influential designer of educational systems.

The Augsburg Confession, also known as the "Augustana" from its Latin name, Confessio Augustana, is the primary confession of faith of the Lutheran Church and one of the most important documents of the Lutheran Reformation.

The Ninety-five Theses or Disputation on the Power of Indulgences (Latin: Disputatio pro declaratione virtutis indulgentiarum) are a list of propositions for an academic disputation written by Martin Luther in 1517.

John Bradford (1510–1555) was an English Reformer, prebendary of St.

The Westminster Confession of Faith is a Reformed confession of faith.

Robert Charles Sproul (born February 13, 1939) is an American Calvinist theologian, author, and pastor.

The Marburg Colloquy was a meeting at Marburg Castle, Marburg, Hesse, Germany which attempted to solve a disputation between Martin Luther and Ulrich Zwingli over the Real Presence of Christ in the Lord's Supper.

Paul Speratus (13 December 1484 – 12 August 1551) was a Catholic priest who became a Protestant preacher and hymn-writer.

Holy Roman Emperor Charles V had won a victory against Protestantism in the Schmalkaldic War of 1547.

Viktorin/Victorinus Strigel (* 16 or 26 December 1524 in Kaufbeuren—26 June 1569 in Heidelberg) was a Philippist Lutheran Theologian.

Mátyás Biró, also known as Matthias Dévay (b. Déva n.d.; d. Debrecen 1547), was a Protestant Reformer who has been called the "Luther of Hungary.

Laurentius Andreae (c. 1470 – 14 April 1552) was a Swedish Lutheran clergyman and scholar who is acknowledged as one of his country's preeminent intellectual figures during the first half of the 16th century.

Theodore Beza (Latin: Theodorus Beza; French: Théodore de Bèze or de Besze; June 24, 1519 – October 13, 1605) was a French Protestant Christian theologian and scholar who played an important role in the Reformation.

The Heidelberg Catechism (1563), one of the Three Forms of Unity, is a Protestant confessional document taking the form of a series of questions and answers, for use in teaching Reformed Christian doctrine.

The Sandomierz Agreement (or Sandomierz Consensus) was an agreement reached in 1570 in Sandomierz between a number of Protestant groups in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Andreas Musculus (also Andreas Meusel; 29 November 1514 – 29 September 1581) was a German Lutheran theologian.

The Protestant Reformation, often referred to simply as the Reformation (from Latin reformatio, lit. "restoration, renewal") was a schism from the Roman Catholic Church initiated by Martin Luther and continued by John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli, and other early Protestant Reformers in 16th century Europe.

The Bohemian Reformation (also known as the Czech Reformation or Hussite Reformation), preceding the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century, was a Christian movement in the late medieval and early modern Kingdom and Crown of Bohemia (present-day Czech Republic) striving for a reform of the Roman Catholic Church.

The Reformation: A History (2003) is a history book by English historian Diarmaid MacCulloch.

The Icelandic Reformation took place in the middle of the 16th century.