2022-09-14T03:25:33+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>Benzyl</p>, <p>t-butyl</p>, <p>Isopropyl</p>, <p>low bp, low water solubility </p>, <p>aldehydes &amp; ketones</p>, <p>Keto - enol tautomerism</p>, <p>ester; prodrugs</p>, <p>soluble</p>, <p>neutral</p>, <p>relatively stable</p>, <p>Ureas &amp; Carbamates</p>, <p>Thioethers</p>, <p>Sulfoxides &amp; Sulfones</p>, <p>Sulfonic acids</p>, <p>sulfonamides &amp; sulfonylureas </p>, <p>Sulfonamides</p>, <p>Sulfonylureas </p>, <p>aniline</p>, <p>acidic, not</p> flashcards
Properties of functional groups

Properties of functional groups

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  • Benzyl

  • t-butyl

  • Isopropyl

  • low bp, low water solubility

    In general, ethers have ____ & _____

  • aldehydes & ketones

    Which functional groups are polarized and have permanent dipole?

  • Keto - enol tautomerism

    -ketones that exist in equilibrium with the "enol" form:

    -predominant form is keto

  • ester; prodrugs

    Hydrolysis can be beneficial for which functional group and what can they produce?

  • soluble

    Are amides soluble or insoluble?

  • neutral

    Amides are ____ functional groups and cannot accept or donate protons

  • relatively stable

    amides are _______ to acids and bases that will be encountered by the pharmacist.

  • Ureas & Carbamates

    -have similar properties to esters and amides

    -more chemically stable towards hydrolysis than the corresponding esters

  • Thioethers

    -neutral (no acid-base properties)

    -found in several different classes of drugs

  • Sulfoxides & Sulfones

    -found in several drugs

    -found in metabolites of thioether-containing drugs

  • Sulfonic acids

    -strong acids

    -highly soluble in water

  • sulfonamides & sulfonylureas

    Which two important drug classes are sulfonic acids used to make?

  • Sulfonamides

    -poor water solubility (alone!!!)

    -similar chemical stability to amides

    -weak acid- can form salts with strong bases ( salts are highly water soluble!!!)

  • Sulfonylureas

    -considered an entire class of medicine in themselves

    -weak acids

  • aniline

    -its aromatic right has a delocalized cloud of electrons; serves as powerful electron withdrawing group

    -decreases basicity enormously!!

  • acidic, not

    Phenols are ____ whereas alcohols are