Pre-Columbian cultures

A mound is a heaped pile of earth, gravel, sand, rocks, or debris.

The Acolhua are a Mesoamerican people who arrived in the Valley of Mexico in or around the year 1200 CE.

The Norte Chico civilization (also Caral or Caral-Supe civilization) was a complex pre-Columbian era society that included as many as 30 major population centers in what is now the Norte Chico region of north-central coastal Peru.

The Toltec culture is an archaeological Mesoamerican culture that dominated a state centered in Tula, Hidalgo, Mexico in the early post-classic period of Mesoamerican chronology (ca 900–1168 CE).

The Abipones (Spanish: Abipones, singular Abipón) were an indigenous peoples of Argentina's Gran Chaco, users of one of the Guaicuruan languages.

The Nazca culture (also Nasca) was the archaeological culture that flourished from c.

The Tequesta (also Tekesta, Tegesta, Chequesta, Vizcaynos) Native American tribe, at the time of first European contact, occupied an area along the southeastern Atlantic coast of Florida.

Tairona was a group of chiefdoms in the region of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in present-day Cesar, Magdalena and La Guajira Departments of Colombia, South America, which goes back at least to the 1st century CE and had significant demographic growth around the 11th century.

The varying cultures collectively called Mound Builders were inhabitants of North America who, during a 5,000-year period, constructed various styles of earthen mounds for religious and ceremonial, burial, and elite residential purposes.

The Tehuelche people is the generic name given to a group of indigenous peoples of Patagonia and the southern pampas regions of Argentina and Chile.

Chibcha is an almost extinct language of Colombia, spoken by the Muisca, one of the four advanced indigenous civilizations of the Americas.

The Mokaná (also Mocaná) are an indigenous people living in the Atlántico Department of Colombia.

The Changos, also known as Camanchacos or Camanchangos, were an indigenous people who inhabited a long stretch of the Pacific coast from the Atacama desert to the Coquimbo Region in what is now southern Peru and northern Chile.

The Surruque people lived along the middle Atlantic coast of Florida during the 16th and 17th centuries.

The Huarpes or Warpes are indigenous inhabitants of Cuyo, in Argentina.

Timoto–Cuica people were an indigenous group composed primarily of two tribes, the Timote and the Cuica, that inhabited in the Andean region of western Venezuela.

Pehuenche (Pewenche, people of pewen in Mapudungun) are an indigenous people who are part of the Mapuche peoples; they live in the Andes in south central Chile and Argentina.

The Otavalos are an indigenous people native to Imbabura Province in northern Ecuador.