***PRAXIS Voice study guide

The superior opening of the larynx is formed by the:

Increase in interthoracic pressure for coughing and sneezing is enabled by the approximation of:

What cartilage is shaped like a signet ring?

Elevation and lowering of the larynx for respiration and phonation is carried out by the:

The three major cartilages of the larynx related to phonation are:

The most anterior prominence of the arytenoid cartilage, where the vocal folds attach, is called what?

The prominence of the arytenoid cartilage that forms the attachment for the posterior and the lateral crico-arytenoid muscles is known as:

A 15 year old boy who is undergoing a voice evaluation complains of a high-pitched voice, frequent pitch breaks, and an inability to project his voice. Videostroboscopic evaluation has demonstrated no mass lesions, paresis or paralysis leading to a diagnosis of functional falsetto. The problems that this patient is experiencing with his voice may result from misuse of which intrinsic laryngeal muscles?

The muscles responsible for elevation of the larynx in the neck are:

Through videostrobic evaluation, a SLP who specializes in voice has determined that a patient has sufficient glottal closure during phonation, but the patient is having difficulty abducting the vocal folds again after phonation. Which intrinsic muscle is affected?

Mr Angelo has come to a SLP for a voice evaluation. His major complaint is difficulty altering the pitch of his voice. Which muscle and nerve are likely to be affected?

Which muscles aid in more complete adduction of the posterior aspect of the vocal folds?

The recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve innervates all of the intrinsic laryngeal muscle EXCEPT the:

This layer of the vocal fold helps to maintain the integrity of the vocal fold shape:

Jenny is a 19 year old high school student who is undergoing a voice evaluation. Jenny complains of a gradual onset of a hoarse vocal quality and also stated that her voice is "harder to produce" (requires more effort). Jenny is a cheerleader and sings in the school choir. Jenny also often babysits for her two younger brothers and must raise her voice to hold their attention. Which pathological process of the vocal folds has developed or is likely to develop?

The three steps necessary before normal glottal tone initiation are:

An increase in pitch is brought about by increased contraction of the _________ muscle and a decreased contraction by the ___________muscle.

The main goal of ___________ is to identify the primary vocal misuses and to modify or eliminate these behaviors.

The main goal of _________ is to use facilitating techniques to directly modify vocal components such as pitch, loudness, and laryngeal tension.

The main goal of _________ is to evaluate the subsystems responsible for voice production (respiration, phonation, resonance) and develop direct therapy exercises to improve that relative balance.

The main goal of ___________ is to explore the psychodynamics of the voice.

Spasmodic dysphonia is thought to be a pathological process of the:

Mr Pitt was recently intubated in an acute care facility. After extubation, he exhibited a dysphonic voice quality. What vocal pathological process probably occurred as a result of extubation?

"Think loud" or "be loud" is the primary goal of what voice therapy program?

Ms Qin is 45 years old and has been smoking two packs of cigarettes per day for 25 years. She now complains of hoarseness and decreased pitch. What is the likely disease process?

Both maximum phonation time and s/z ratio (measures of breath support and glottal efficiency) are methods of evaluating:

_____________ demonstrates the characteristics of vocal fold vibration and the integrity of the mucous membrane of the vocal folds.

A spectrogram represents ____________ on the horizontal axis and _______________ on the vertical axis.

Gray scale (darkness) on the spectrogram represents:

On a spectrogram, which of the following acoustic features is indicative of a stop-plosive?

The relative timing of stop-release and the initiation of phonation is known as:

What is the phenomenon in which two articulators are moving at the same time to produce different phonemes?

Subglottal pressure is which of the following?

Stroboscopy yields laryngeal images in:

The focus of _____________ is to produce voice with slightly abducted vocal folds and minimal subglottic pressure.

____________ can be defined as aperiodic noise caused by rapidly flowing air through the glottis.

Which is the only direct physiological measure of laryngeal muscle function?

Recommendations for good vocal hygiene may include:

If environmental stressors become so severe, a patient may develop maladaptive voice production in the presence of a structurally normal laryngeal mechanism. This maladaptive vocal behavior is knows as:

A ____________ is created from the back wall of the trachea into the esophagus, allowing placement of a valved tube that enables speech in persons who undergo a total laryngectomy.

Which type of speech is produced by taking air in through the mouth, trapping it in the upper esophagus, and releasing it?

A 53 year old man comes to your office with a note from his physician that reads: "Unilateral true vocal fold paralysis after cardiac surgery 2 weeks ago." Is the paralysis probably on the left or right side, and what branch of the vagus has been damaged?

A 37 year old woman comes to you with complaints of chronic hoarseness and difficulty breathing in conjunction with voice use,. The patient reports having asthma and gastroesophageal refulx. A likely diagnosis might be:

A 15 year old high school singer, heavily involved with choir, has received a diagnosis of bilateral vocal nodules. What should the primary intervention be?

On laryngeal videostroboscopy, lesions were found bilaterally at the junction of the anterior one third and posterior two thirds of the vocal folds. These lesions most likely....?

A 34 year old woman complains of sudden onset of severe hoarseness during attendance at a sporting event. The likely diagnosis is?

A 25 year old man complains of muscular pain of the neck muscles, hoarseness, and vocal fold fatigue. He has no significant medical or surgical history. Stroboscopic finding revealed strong medial compression of the ventricular folds and erythema. The likely diagnosis is?

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Myasthenia Gravis

Parkinson's Disease

ALS