poli 61 final

the process of rolling back or cutting social welfare policies. It is caused by many reasons, some being ideology globalization, theories of expansion and population shifts.

Japanese men who take an active role in raising their childrens’ lives,

incentivised by government attempts to alter traditional societal gender roles

this is a system in which men go into the workforce and make money for the household. Women are decommodified from the market and are responsible for unpaid work such as raising children and domestic housework. This system puts women at risk in relationship breakdowns due to risk of poverty or financial insecurity.  

the process of after globalization contres rewarded and assisted their population to make up for the losses of globalization.

This hypothesis theorizes that competitive economic globalization will lead to cutting the costs of production and cutting workers' rights in order to increase capital gains and increase a country’s influence on the market. Race to the bottom policies display how globalization can produce smaller welfare regimes as the associated competitiveness leads to lowering wages and countries racing to provide the least benefits.

A prolonged leave of absence from an occupation typically to raise children. Many systems pay a chunk of the salary by law.

A designator of how many children are produced by one woman. Lower rates are associated with an increasing aging population, making the provision of pensions more difficult for a welfare state

The process of changing from a non democratic system into a democratic system such as authoritarian into democracy

The process of running for elected office opposed to being placed in it in an authoritarian system. (ITS NOT SELF EXPANITORY 😭)

Went through double transition of communism -> capitalism and authoritarianism -> democracy and thus have a history of universal policy.

A system which has high government involvement as well as a dual breadwinner model and dualism. Is a system that's like a combination of conservative and Social democratic systems.

A pseudo-conservative regime that had a massive informal sector and small formal sector. This system has high decodification and high stratusfaction. One major defining feature is dualism

A person's separation from the active market. Decommodification is often seen as a result of universal welfare states and a solution to socioeconomic division and stratification.

an extreme form of stratification where there is one group of “insiders” with a large amount of benefits and a separate group of “outsiders” who receive no benefits. Common in Mediterranean regimes

The process of removing an individual’s reliance on a traditional family unit of a breadwinner husband and an unpaid laborer wife. It has been proposed by feminist scholars of social policy as a better goal than decommodification in order to gain gender equality for women living in male breadwinner states

countermeasures that certain government officials in democracies hold as a means to prevent the passage of legislation they do not approve of. Veto points are a retrenchment point associated with limited government efficiency in terms of expanding social policy.

The Liberal Democratic Party of Japan which has been the majority party for much of Japan’s modern history as a Democracy (until Shinzo Abe got game ended). The LDP contributed to the expansion of Japanese social policy. They pre-empted political instability by expanding coverage policies in the 1950s and expanding further when the LDP lost the election in 1993.

A welfare state model that prioritizes national economic growth over all other issues. Social policy is subsidiary to economic development. Present in East Asian countries.

All people have access to universal policies but quality depends on wealth

A social policy model associated with a mixture of Mediterraneantqu, conservative, and liberal social policies and proposed to address debt and deficits. It became common in Latin America due to influence from the IMF and World Bank and led to extremely high poverty, inequality, and a lack of formal jobs.

A cross-class coalition of urban interests characterized by a direct, unmediated relationship between the masses & a charismatic leader. It is very rarely positive and is not inherently right or left-leaning. Populism can give a single leader substantial influence over social policy, as was the case for Juan Peron’s union-centric social policy in Argentina.

A political ideology in Argentina started by former president Juan Peron and unassociated with the right or the left. It is defined by populism and a focus on workers rights through industrialization, unionization, expansion of labor rights, contributory pensions, contributory healthcare, expansion of public hospitals, and social assistance as a charity.

The International Monetary Fund is a UN organization that attempts to promote global economic growth and development. In the latter half of the 20th century, the IMF supported the expansion of neoliberal policies and influenced much of Latin America to adopt them.

a group of Latin american men who were educated in chicago about neoliberalism and they implemented it into several countries during the 1980s

current generations pay for current retirees. Didn’t work too well in Latin America since there were many informal workers

Aid given to families with a set list of conditions such as vaccinations and education. 

A cash transfer system in Brazil that gives low-income families cash transfers in exchange for the children of the families getting an education and being vaccinated.

An economic upturn in Latin American countries where exports became more in demand and greatly expanded the economies

exchange of goods for votes

An Argentine law that converted the official currency to USD on a 1:1 scale. This was a neoliberal policy that made imports cheap but exports expensive and made the Argentine economy entirely dependent on the US’s.

Equity-based policies aiming at altering the distribution of wealth and resources to be more charitable and equal. Usually championed by leftist governments.

A structure of democracy where various political parties simultaneously hold power, giving representation to minority parties. It can be associated with both welfare state expansion with the security of existing policies and retrenchment through the large amount of veto points

A structure of democracy where one majoritarian party holds near complete power for a period of time. It can be associated with both welfare state expansion with the possibility of a leftist party holding complete power (or any party hoping to maintain power by protecting and expanding social policies) and retrenchment if a party wishes to cut government spending on policy