Plant reproduction

Budding is a form of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site.

A cotyledon (/kɒtᵻˈliːdən/; "seed leaf" from Latin cotyledon, from Greek: κοτυληδών kotylēdōn, gen.: κοτυληδόνος kotylēdonos, from κοτύλη kotýlē "cup, bowl") is a significant part of the embryo within the seed of a plant, and is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as "The primary leaf in the embryo of the higher plants (Phanerogams); the seed-leaf.

Monoicous plants are those species that bear both sperm and eggs on the same gametophyte.

Plant breeding is the art and science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics.

A sporophyte (/spɔːroʊˌfaɪt/) is the diploid multicellular stage in the life cycle of a plant or alga.

In botany, apomixis was defined by Hans Winkler as replacement of the normal sexual reproduction by asexual reproduction, without fertilization.

Vegetative reproduction (vegetative propagation, vegetative multiplication, vegetative cloning) is a form of asexual reproduction in plants.

In biology, placentation refers to the formation, type and structure, or arrangement of placentas.

Heterogamy (from Ancient Greek ἕτερος heteros, "other, another" and γάμος gámos, "marriage") has a number of biological definitions.

Sowing is the process of planting seeds.

A plant cutting is a piece of a plant that is used in horticulture for vegetative (asexual) propagation.

In biology, a spore is a unit of asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavorable conditions.

Backcrossing is a crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent, in order to achieve offspring with a genetic identity which is closer to that of the parent.

Fruit tree propagation is usually carried out vegetatively (non-sexually) by grafting or budding a desired variety onto a suitable rootstock.