Plant physiology

A vascular bundle is a part of the transport system in vascular plants.

A parasitic plant is a plant that derives some or all of its nutritional requirements from another living plant.

Endosperm is a tissue produced inside the seeds of most of the flowering plants following fertilization.

Rapid plant movement encompasses movement in plant structures occurring over a very short period, usually under one second.

In botany, a stoma (plural "stomata"), also called a stomate (plural "stomates") (from Greek στόμα, "mouth"), is a pore, found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that is used to control gas exchange.

Bark is the outermost layers of stems and roots of woody plants.

Photoperiodism is the physiological reaction of organisms to the length of day or night.

In vascular plants, phloem is the living tissue that carries organic nutrients (known as photosynthate), in particular, sucrose, a sugar, to all parts of the plant where needed.

Vernalization (from Latin vernus, "of the spring") is the induction of a plant's flowering process by exposure to the prolonged cold of winter, or by an artificial equivalent.

Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers.

Nectar is a sugar-rich liquid produced by plants in glands called nectaries, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to animal mutualists, which in turn provide antiherbivore protection.

In botany, a bud is an undeveloped or embryonic shoot and normally occurs in the axil of a leaf or at the tip of a stem.

Auxins (plural of auxin /ˈɔːksᵻn/) are a class of plant hormones (or plant growth substances) with some morphogen-like characteristics.

Allelopathy is a biological phenomenon by which an organism produces one or more biochemicals that influence the germination, growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms.

In developmental biology, photomorphogenesis is light-mediated development, where plant growth patterns respond to the light spectrum.

Nitrogen fixation is a process in which nitrogen (N2) in the atmosphere is converted into ammonia (NH3).

Autumn leaf color is a phenomenon that affects the normally green leaves of many deciduous trees and shrubs by which they take on, during a few weeks in the autumn season, various shades of red, yellow, purple, black, orange, pink, magenta, blue and brown.

Germination is the process by which a plant grows from a seed.

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, 3-IAA) is the most common, naturally-occurring, plant hormone of the auxin class.

Phytochrome is a photoreceptor, a pigment that plants, and some bacteria and fungi, use to detect light.

Phytoncides are antimicrobial allelochemic volatile organic compounds derived from plants.

Photorespiration (also known as the oxidative photosynthetic carbon cycle, or C2 photosynthesis) refers to a process in plant metabolism where the enzyme RuBisCO oxygenates RuBP, causing some of the energy produced by photosynthesis to be wasted.

A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem.

A pressure bomb or pressure chamber or Scholander bomb is an instrument with which it is possible to measure the approximate water potential of plant tissues.

Fusicoccin is an organic compound produced by a fungus.

William Seifriz (August 11, 1888 – July 13, 1955) was a Professor of Biology at the University of Pennsylvania and an important figure in the history of plant physiology and plant cell biology.

Ralph Louis Obendorf is an Emeritus Professor of Crop Physiology at Cornell University who is notable for his research on the health-related components in seeds, particularly fagopyritol A1, which is isosteric to an insulin mediator believed to be deficient in subjects with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM or type II diabetes) and polycystic ovary syndrome, which affects 10% of women of reproductive age.

The light-harvesting complex (or antenna complex) is an array of protein and chlorophyll molecules embedded in the thylakoid membrane of plants, which transfer light energy to one chlorophyll a molecule at the reaction center of a photosystem.

Phytofluene is a carotenoid pigment with an orange color found naturally in tomatoes and other vegetables.

Ecophysiology (from Greek οἶκος, oikos, "house(hold)"; φύσις, physis, "nature, origin"; and -λογία, -logia), environmental physiology or physiological ecology is a biological discipline that studies the adaptation of an organism's physiology to environmental conditions.

Torulene (3',4'-didehydro-β,γ-carotene) is a carotene (a hydrocarbon carotenoid) which is notable for being synthesized by red pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum), imparting the natural red color to the aphids, which aids in their camouflage and escape from predation.

Anthesis is the period during which a flower is fully open and functional.