Hosam Mohamed-
b
Which acts on the Proximal Convoluted Tubule?
a) Loop diuretics
b) Carbonic Anhydrase inhbitors
c) Thiazides
d) Vaptans
e) K+ Sparing Diuretics
-
a
Which acts on the Thick Ascending Limb(Loop of Henle)?
a) Loop diuretics
b) Carbonic Anhydrase inhbitors
c) Thiazides
d) Vaptans
e) K+ Sparing Diuretics
-
c
Which acts on the Distal Convoluted Tubule?
a) Loop diuretics
b) Carbonic Anhydrase inhbitors
c) Thiazides
d) Vaptans
e) K+ Sparing Diuretics
-
d,e
Which acts on the collecting ducts?
a) Loop diuretics
b) Carbonic Anhydrase inhbitors
c) Thiazides
d) Vaptans
e) K+ Sparing Diuretics
-
acetazolamide
What is the Diuretic Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors?
-
dorzolamide, brinzolamide
What are the Ophthalmic Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors? (2)
-
increase the excretion of sodium bicarbonate; which also increases the excretion of sodium and water
CA inhibitor MOA?
-
base; metabolic acidosis
Sodium bicarbonate is a _______; therefore removing it from the kidneys
will result in __________.
-
b
Which is mostly used for Open-angle Glaucoma?
a) Loop diuretics
b) Carbonic Anhydrase inhbitors
c) Thiazides
d) Vaptans
e) K+ Sparing Diuretics
-
metabolic alkalosis, mountain sickness, seizures
What metabolic conditions can we use CA inhibitors for? (3)
-
b
Which are contraindicated in patients with hepatic impairment?
a) Loop diuretics
b) Carbonic Anhydrase inhbitors
c) Thiazides
d) Vaptans
e) K+ Sparing Diuretics
-
inhibit Na/K/2Cl symporter in thick ascending limb of loop of Henle; causes solutes + water to remain in filtrate and become excreted in the urine
Loop diuretic MOA?
-
Na, K, Mg, Ca
Which ions are lost in Loop diuretics? (4)
-
furosemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid, torsemide
What are the loop diuretics? (4)
-
a
Which are the most effective?
a) Loop diuretics
b) Carbonic Anhydrase inhbitors
c) Thiazides
d) Vaptans
e) K+ Sparing Diuretics
-
NSAIDs, probenecid; compete for tubular secretion
What can decrease the efficacy of loop diuretics? Why?
-
HCTZ, chlorthalidone, indapamide, metolazone, chlorothiazide
What are the Thiazides? (5)
-
inhibit Na+ reabsorption in DCT by blocking sodium-chloride channel
Thiazide MOA?
-
Na, K, Mg, H+ protons
Which ions are lost in thiazides? (4)
-
Ca2+; blocking na reabsorption on the luminal side increases calcium reabsorption on interstitial membrane
Which ion is gained in thiazides? Why?
-
prevent K+ excretion at collecting tubules; prevent hypokalemia
What is the function of K+ sparing diuretics?
-
spironolactone, eplerenone
What are the aldosterone antagonists? (2)
-
amiloride, triamterene
What are Na+ influx inhibitors? (2)
-
a
Which has a longer half-life?
a) amiloride
b) triamterene
-
b
Which is more toxic?
a) amiloride
b) triamterene
-
b
Which causes off-target andronergic effects?
a) Eplerenone
b) Spironolactone
-
a
Which is CYP3A4 substrate?
a) Eplerenone
b) Spironolactone
-
acidosis; H+
K+ sparing diuretics can cause metabolic ______ because of their
interference with intercalated cells secretion of _______ ions.
-
CA inhibitors, K+ sparing
Which diuretics cause acidosis? (2)
-
prevent ADH-mediated free water retention by antagonizing V2 receptors & correct hyponatremia
Vaptans MOA?
-
a,c
Where are V1a receptors located?
a) CNS
b) kidney
c) vasculature
d) liver
-
b
Where are V2 receptors found?
a) CNS
b) kidney
c) vasculature
d) liver
-
a
Acts on V1a & V2 receptors.
a) conivaptan
b) tolvaptan
-
b
Which is V2 selective?
a) conivaptan
b) tolvaptan
-
IV; diarrhea
Osmotic diuretics must be given ______ due to their risk of causing _________.
-
limits osmosis of water into interstitial space; pulls water from intracellular space; causes fluid excretion
Osmotic diuretics MOA?
-
mannitol
What is the osmotic diuretic?
-
intraocular; intracranial
Mannitol can reduce _______ & _______ pressure.
