2022-01-30T00:40:54+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true Nursing Process, Assessment, Pre-administration data, Medication Profile, nursing diagnosis, Planning, Implentation, Evaluation, Rights of Medication administration, Universal Identifiers, Drug Names, Drug Classifictation, Pharmaceutics, Dissolution, Order of drug dissolution route, Pharmacokinetics, Absorption, enteral route, Parenteral route, Topical rout, bioavailability , First pass effect, Distribution, Albumin, Metabolism, Biotransformation, Prodrug, lipophilic, hydrophilic, Enzyme inducers, enzyme inhibitors, Excretion, Half life, Peak level, Trough Level, Toxicity, Therapeutic window, pharmocodynamics, Pharmacotherapeutics, contraindications, acute therapy, maintenance therapy, supplemental therapy, palliative therapy, supportive therapy, prophylatic therapy, empiric therapy, monitoring, therapeutic response, adverse effect, toxic effect, therapeutic index, drug concentration, patient condition, tolerance, dependence, drug interactions, synergistic effect, antagonistic effect, incompatibility, Adverse drug event, medication use process errors, treatogenic, mutagenic, carciogenic effects, Pharmacoeconomics, Pregnancy and drugs, Category A, Category B, Category C, Category X, drug therapy during breastfeeding flashcards
Pharmacology Lecture 1

Pharmacology Lecture 1

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  • Nursing Process
    Evidence based practice that helps deliver nursing care using a framework. It requires critical thinking and is an ongoing and evolving process. There are five steps to it: assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implemenation, and evaluation.
  • Assessment
    First step of nursing process. This is when objective data, subjective data, and preadministration data is gathered.
  • Pre-administration data
    This is gathered during the assessment phase and is used to establish a baseline for drug administration. It is when it is determined how much medicince to give and what kind and when side effects and adverse effects are anticipated. 
  • Medication Profile
    any and all drug use. Perscriptions, over the counter medications, vitamins, herbs, and supplements, compliance, and adherence. 
  • nursing diagnosis
    Second phase of the of the nursing process. Patient focused not disease focus made based on analysis of assessment data. 
  • Planning
    Third phase of nursing process. This is when a priority is figured out and goals are identified and outcome criteria is set. Goals should be measurable and realistic and have a time period that is realistic.  
  • Implentation
    Fourth phase of the nursing process. The plan of care is set in motion. In pharmacology this is when drugs are administered, interventions used to promote therapetuic effects and minimize side and adverse effects. Patient education is also a priority. 
  • Evaluation
    Final stage of the nursing process. Look at what has been accomplished and measure it. Ongoing process to determine the status of goals and outcomes of care. Within pharmacology this is when the patient response to drug therapy. 
  • Rights of Medication administration
    Right Drug Right Dose Right Time Right route Right patient Right documenation Right reason Right response Right to refuse
  • Universal Identifiers
    Name and Date of Birth
  • Drug Names
    Describes the chemical composition and molecular structure. Generic names are used pretty universally
  • Drug Classifictation
    Drugs that are based on similar properties, therapeutic uses, and structures. 
  • Pharmaceutics
    Study of various drug forms and that way in which the drug affects the body
  • Dissolution
    Dissolving of solid dosage forms
  • Order of drug dissolution route
    oral disintegration, buccal tabs, oral soluble wafers liquid suspension solutions capsules tablets coated tablets enteric-coated tablets
  • Pharmacokinetics
    What is the body doing to the drug. This involves four main processes. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion. 
  • Absorption
    How the body takes in the drug and puts it into the circulatory system. This can be enterally, parenterally, and topically.
  • enteral route
    absorption through the gi tract, orally, and sublingual buccal route. 
  • Parenteral route
    absorption through means of injection, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneously, intradermal, intraspinal, and intraarterial. 
  • Topical rout
    absorption through the eye, ear, rectum, skin, nose, lungs, and vagina. 
  • bioavailability 
    how much of a drug is available to be used after absorption. 
  • First pass effect
    However much of a drug is left for use in the circulatory system after it makes a first pass through the liver. The higher the first pass effect is the lower the bioavailibity will be. Intravenously has the lowest first pass effect. 
  • Distribution
    How quickly a drug circulates through the circulatory system
  • Albumin
    carrier protein in the blood where drugs bind to its receptors and the deattach from at specific points in the body. 
  • Metabolism
    The process of your liver filter the drug out of your circulatory system and getting rid of it within your body. The liver is making the drug more water soluble. 
  • Biotransformation
    the biochemical alteration of a drug into an inactive metabolite or a more soluble compound. 
  • Prodrug
    A drug that is inactive when it is absorbed but becomes an active after it passes through the liver and becomes metabolized. This is good for people with a functioning liver but will not work for people with liver disease or no liver. 
  • lipophilic
    drugs that are bound to fat and stay in the system longer
  • hydrophilic
    drugs that are bound to water and do not last in the system as long because they are filtered out through the urinary system
  • Enzyme inducers
    drugs that stimulate the liver to produce enzymes to metabolizes drugs
  • enzyme inhibitors
    drugs that prevent that liver from creating more enzymes
  • Excretion
    The process through which the body eliminates drugs through the kidneys and urinary tract. 
  • Half life
    the time required for half of a drug to be removed from the body. Higher it is the less frequently a drug needs to be administered and vice versa. 
  • Peak level
    highest blood level of a drug
  • Trough Level
    lowest blood level of a drug
  • Toxicity
    when the peak level of a drug is too high, then there could be dangerouse adverse effects due to the drug
  • Therapeutic window
    the range at which the drug provides safe and effective therapy
  • pharmocodynamics
    what effects the drug has on the body. 
  • Pharmacotherapeutics
    The use of drugs to prevent and treat disease. This includes, contraindications, acute therapy, maintenance process, supplemental therapy, palliative therapy, supportive therapy, prophylactic therapy, empiric therapy, monitoring, and therapeutic response. 
  • contraindications
    when the drug shouldn't be used
  • acute therapy
    intensive drug treatment implemented in acute or critically ill
  • maintenance therapy
    prevens progression of a disease
  • supplemental therapy
    supplies body with a substance needed to maintain normal function
  • palliative therapy
    therapy at the end of life designed to make the patient as comfortable as possible
  • supportive therapy
    maintains intergrity of body functions while the patient is recovering from illness or trauma
  • prophylatic therapy
    therapy designed to prevent illnes
  • empiric therapy
    drug therapy used when there isn't a known cause of a problem. Broad but not specific treatments .
  • monitoring
    interviewing the patient to see what side effects or intended effects they're having by measuring drug levels. 
  • therapeutic response
    the consequence of the medical treatment
  • adverse effect
    an undesired harmful effect resulting from a medication
  • toxic effect
     adverse effect of a drug produced by an exaggeration of the effect that produces the theraputic response
  • therapeutic index
    what level of administration of the drug will give the intended effect
  • drug concentration
    how much of the drug is present per mL
  • patient condition
    any risk of toxicity for the patient
  • tolerance
    as a patient takes a drug for a period of time they will have a lowered response to it. This requires the use of higher dose levels to reach the therapeutic effect
  • dependence
    phsyiologic of psychological need for a drug
  • drug interactions
    additive effects
  • synergistic effect
    two drugs administered togethered have a multiplying effect
  • antagonistic effect
    drugs are working against each other and result in no effect
  • incompatibility
    when two drugs are administered together they have an undesirable adverse and life threatening effects
  • Adverse drug event
    a major event that could have life threatening effects
  • medication use process errors
    prescribing, dispensing, administering, monitoring
  • treatogenic
    drug that negatively affects fetal development
  • mutagenic
    drug that leads to mutations
  • carciogenic effects
    drugs that lead to cancer
  • Pharmacoeconomics
    study of economic factors influencing the cost of drug therapy
  • Pregnancy and drugs
    drugs can cross the placenta and hace effects on the fetus. The smaller the molecular weight the higher the chance of it crossing. some drugs are teratogenic and these usually have the biggest effect in the first trimester. 
  • Category A
    drug that has no indicated risk to human fetus
  • Category B
    studies don’t show risk to animal fetus but there is no information for humans available
  • Category C
    some adverse effect on animal fetus
  • Category X
    we know that giving this drug to human causes teratogenic effects tot the fetus
  • drug therapy during breastfeeding
    breastfed infants are at risk for exposure to drugs consumed by mother drug levels in breast milk are usually lower