2024-10-14T01:46:05+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>What are <strong>lymphomas</strong>?</p>, <p>What is the <strong>atypical marker </strong>for diagnosing H. lymphoma?</p>, <p>Where does H. lymphoma typically originate?</p>, <p>How does H. lymphoma spread to the visceral organs?</p>, <p>Describe the four stages of H. lymphoma.</p>, <p>Name some signs and symptoms of H. lymphoma?</p>, <p>How is H. lymphoma treated?</p>, <p>What is the difference between H. and Non-H. lymphoma when it comes to their progress (metastases)?</p>, <p>What is <strong>lymphedema</strong>?</p>, <p>How can lymphedema be treated?</p>, <p>What is <strong>elephantiasis</strong>?</p>, <p>What are the signs and symptoms of elephantiasis?</p>, <p>What is <strong>Castleman disease</strong>?</p>, <p>What are some signs and symptoms of Castleman disease?</p>, <p>What are the two types of Castleman disease?</p>, <p>What type of lymphocyte are defective in Hodgkin's Disease?</p>, <p>Reed Sternberg cells are made from what?</p>, <p>What type of lymphocytes are involved in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma</p>, <p>The signs, staging and treatment of Non-Hodgin Lymphoma is the same as H. Lymphoma. True or false?</p>, <p>Intestinal nodes and organs often involved in early stages in Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. True or false?</p> flashcards
Pathophysiology, Chp. 11 - Lymphatic System Disorders

Pathophysiology, Chp. 11 - Lymphatic System Disorders

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  • What are lymphomas?

    Malignant neoplasms involving lymphocyte proliferation in the lymph nodes.

  • What is the atypical marker for diagnosing H. lymphoma?

    Reed-Sternberg cell; giant cell present in lymph nodes carrying multiple nuclei.

  • Where does H. lymphoma typically originate?

    Upper body lymph nodes, but can start anywhere.

  • How does H. lymphoma spread to the visceral organs?

    Through the lymphatic system.

  • Describe the four stages of H. lymphoma.

    Stage 1: affects only one lymph node.

    Stage 2: affects two or more nodes on the same side of the diaphragm.

    Stage 3: affects nodes on both sides of the diaphragm and spleen.

    Stage 4: represents diffuse extra-lymphatic involvement such as bone, lung, or liver.

  • Name some signs and symptoms of H. lymphoma?

    First indicator: enlarged lymph node, usually cervical.

    Later: splenomegaly, weight loss, anemia, fatigue, pruritus, recurrent infection.

  • How is H. lymphoma treated?

    - radiation

    - chemotherapy

    - surgery

    - drugs

  • What is the difference between H. and Non-H. lymphoma when it comes to their progress (metastases)?

    H. lymphoma - progresses orderly, jumps one lymph node to another.

    Non-H. lymphoma - scattered and non-organized.

  • What is lymphedema?

    Where the tissues in the extremities swell due to an obstruction of the lymphatic vessels and lymph fluid accumulates. Common in women of 15-25.

  • How can lymphedema be treated?

    - diuretics

    - strict bed rest

    - massage

    - elevation of the affected extremity

  • What is elephantiasis?

    Lymphedema caused by an infestation and blockage of lymph vessels of the extremities by parasitic worms (filaria).

  • What are the signs and symptoms of elephantiasis?

    - extreme swelling of legs, breasts, genitalia

    - thickening of subcutaneous tissue

    - frequent infections

    - fever

    - skin ulcers

  • What is Castleman disease?

    Involves the overgrowth of lymphoid tissue. NOT a cancer.

  • What are some signs and symptoms of Castleman disease?

    Unicentric:

    - difficulty breathing or eating

    - large lump in neck, armpit or groin

    - persistent cough

    Multicentric:

    - fever

    - nausea and vomiting

    - weakness and fatigue

    - enlarged spleen, liver

    - numbness in hands and feet from nerve damage

  • What are the two types of Castleman disease?

    Unicentric: affects only one lymph node

    Multicentric: affects multiple lymph nodes and tissue.

  • What type of lymphocyte are defective in Hodgkin's Disease?

    T lymphocytes

  • Reed Sternberg cells are made from what?

    Mature B cells that have become malignant.

  • What type of lymphocytes are involved in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

    B lymphocytes and doesn't have RS cells present.

  • The signs, staging and treatment of Non-Hodgin Lymphoma is the same as H. Lymphoma. True or false?

    True.

  • Intestinal nodes and organs often involved in early stages in Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. True or false?

    True.