2024-05-15T13:13:36+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>What is a pathogen?</p>, <p>What are the 4 types of pathogen?</p>, <p>What are the defining features of bacteria?</p>, <p>What are the types of bacteria? What are their shapes?</p>, <p>What are the defining features of viruses?</p>, <p>What are the defining features of fungi?</p>, <p>What are Protozoa, Helminths, and Ectoparasites.</p>, <p>What are the defining features of protozoa?</p>, <p>What are the methods of disease transmission?</p>, <p>What are direct disease transmission methods?</p>, <p>What are indirect disease transmission methods?</p>, <p>What are vectors and fomites?</p>, <p>What are the types of immunity?</p>, <p>What is passive immunity?</p>, <p>What is active immunity?</p> flashcards
Pathogens, Parasites, and the Immune System.

Pathogens, Parasites, and the Immune System.

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  • What is a pathogen?

    Any microbe that causes a disease. 

  • What are the 4 types of pathogen?

    Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, and Parasites.

  • What are the defining features of bacteria?

    -Single celled micro-organism.

    -Replicate rapidly by binary fission.

    -Can divide to create two identical daughter cells.

    -And conjugation (transfer genetic material to another bacteria through direct contact).

    -Transfer of DNA from one cell to another.

  • What are the types of bacteria? What are their shapes?

    -Cocci (spherical) 

    -Bacilli (rods) 

    -Spirilla (spirals) 

    -Vibrios (“commas”) 

    -Spirochaetes (corkscrews) 

  • What are the defining features of viruses?

    -Made up of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat.

    -Replicate by attaching to a host cell and imparting genetic material into it.

    -Some can survive for a long time in the environment, others only for a few hours.

    Each virus is a nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) surrounded by a coating. This is called the envelope or capsid. The shape of the coating affects how the virus infects a host. 

  • What are the defining features of fungi?

    -Present in soil, air, and water.

    -Range from microscopic moulds to large mushrooms.

    -Dermatophytes: Replicate by spores.

    -Yeasts: Replicate by binary fission and spread by direct contact. -Yeasts: Fixed shape and complex structure.

  • What are Protozoa, Helminths, and Ectoparasites.

    Protozoa are single-celled endoparasites.

    Helminths are large, macroparasite, worms which live inside of their host.

    Ectoparasites are parasitic arthropods which live on the outside of their host.

  • What are the defining features of protozoa?

    -Single celled organisms.

    -Replicate by multiple fission.

    -Amoeba: Can change shape.

  • What are the methods of disease transmission?

    Direct or indirect transmission.

  • What are direct disease transmission methods?

    -Person to person/Animal to animal contact.

    -Person to animal/Animal to person (zoonotic/zoonosis).

    -Droplet spread.

  • What are indirect disease transmission methods?

    -Airborne transmission.

    -Food and drinking water.

    -Animal to person contact.

    -Environmental reservoirs.

  • What are vectors and fomites?

    -Vectors: An organism that can spread disease.

    -Fomites: An inanimate object that can spread disease.

  • What are the types of immunity?

    Passive and Active immunity.

  • What is passive immunity?

    -When ready-made antibodies from another source are introduced to the body.

    -Fast acting.

    -Only lasts a short period of time.

    -Breastfeeding provides a baby with natural passive immunity.

  • What is active immunity?

    -When the body is activated and produces the antibodies needed to fight infection.

    -Slow acting.

    -Provides long-lasting protection.

    -Primary response when a microorganism enters the body is described as natural active immunity.

    -Vaccines provide artificial active immunity.