Hosam Mohamed-
agents of concern, acute/chronic disease, safe use of agents, ways to prevent absorption of harmful amounts
What are the goals of Occupational Toxicology? (4)
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Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)
-short and long-term exposure limits for workers based on scientific studies, stakeholder input, and public comment.
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Threshold Limit Values (TLVs)
-calculated for a normal (8 hr) day, uses NOEL data; voluntary set by non-law making agencies
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a
Which regulatory agent is responsible for setting PELs?
a) Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
b) American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
c) National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
d) Environmental Protection Agency
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diacetyl
- butter flavoring found in popcorn that cause rare lung diseases such as bronchiolitis obliterans
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environmental toxicology
•Potentially deleterious impact of chemicals (present as pollutants) in the environment or in living organisms
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d
Which regulatory agency regulates air pollutants?
a) Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
b) American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
c) National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
d) Environmental Protection Agency
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particulate matter
-aerodynamic diameter measured in microns; is the solid/liquid portion of air pollution
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a, c, d
Which is a byproduct of the combustion of fossil fuels & agricultural waste?
a) Nitrogen Oxides
b) Ozone
c) Sulfur Oxide
d) Carbon Monoxide
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a
Which contributes to the brown color of smog and acid rain?
a) Nitrogen Oxides
b) Ozone
c) Sulfur Oxide
d) Carbon Monoxide
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pulmonary edema, deep lung irritation, eye/nose/throat irritation
What are the effects of Nitrogen oxide poisoning? (3)
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b
Which is produced in air and water purification devices?
a) Nitrogen Oxides
b) Ozone
c) Sulfur Oxide
d) Carbon Monoxide
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troposphere
Bad ozone is formed in the _________.
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pulmonary fibrosis, dryness & irritation of mucous membranes, cancer
What are the effects of Ozone poisoning? (3)
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polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
-found in dielectric and heat transfer fluids; highly lipophilic, very stable, and poorly metabolized
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endocrine disruption; reproductive effects
When PCBs are found in fish and consumed by humans, they can cause ________ &________.
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dermatotoxicity, elevated liver enzymes
What are the effects of PCB poisoning? (2)
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Bronchial carcinoma, mesothelioma, fibrosis
What are the effects of Asbestos poisoning? (3)
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b
Which has a Synergistic effect with smoking?
a) Polychlorinated biphenyls
b) Asbestos
c) Pharmaceutical/ Personal Care products
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cytotoxic; red blood
Asbestos fibers are ________ to _______ cells.
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a
Which one can cause tremors, seizures, and cancer?
a) chlorinated hydrocarbons
b) acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
c) botanical agents
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a
Which can cause uncontrolled firing of action potentials by blocking Na channel inactivation?
a) chlorinated hydrocarbons
b) acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
c) botanical agents
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b
Which one is a neurotoxicant that can cause CNS effects; can even lead to death by respiratory failure?
a) chlorinated hydrocarbons
b) acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
c) botanical agents
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atropine; pralidoxime
______ & ________ are treatments for Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
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botanical agents
-derived from natural products; can cause paralysis, GI distress, and seizures.
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c
Which one has a treatment of supportive care & anticonvulsants?
a) chlorinated hydrocarbons
b) acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
c) botanical agents
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chlorinated hydrocarbons, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, botanical
What are the pesticides? (3)
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chlorophenoxy acid, glyphosate, paraquat
What are the herbicides ? (3)
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a
Which herbicide can cause non-hodgkin's lymphoma from long term exposure?
a) chlorophenoxy acid
b) glyphosate
c) paraquat
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b
Which herbicide targets the enzyme involved in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in plants?
a) chlorophenoxy acid
b) glyphosate
c) paraquat
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b
Which one is the principle ingredient in Roundup?
a) chlorophenoxy acid
b) glyphosate
c) paraquat
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c
Which one usually occurs by ingestion or accidental poisoning?
a) chlorophenoxy acid
b) glyphosate
c) paraquat
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c
Which one is used to kill weeds on farms and highway maintenance?
a) chlorophenoxy acid
b) glyphosate
c) paraquat
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c
Which one can be treated with antioxidants for the free radicals it causes?
a) chlorophenoxy acid
b) glyphosate
c) paraquat
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solvent
-volatile chemicals that can be inhaled; deaths from intentional use are high; chronic sore throat, cough, runny nose, bloodshot eyes, chemical odors on breath, rash on mouth
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aliphatic hydrocarbons
- Fluorine, chlorine, Bromide, Iodine; industrial solvents, degreasing and cleaning agents
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aromatic hydrocarbons
- used in gasoline, degreasing solvents; causes hematotoxicity
