Neuroscience

The Grete Lundbeck European Brain Research Prize, also known as The Brain Prize, is an international scientific award honouring "one or more scientists who have distinguished themselves by an outstanding contribution to European neuroscience and who are still active in research".

The thalamus (from Greek θάλαμος, "chamber") is a midline symmetrical structure of two halves, within the vertebrate brain, situated between the cerebral cortex and the midbrain.

The Kavli Prize was established in 2005 through a joint venture between the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research, and The Kavli Foundation.

A biological neuron model, also known as a spiking neuron model, is a mathematical model of the electrical properties of neuronal action potentials, which are sharp changes in the electrical potential across the cell membrane that last for about one millisecond.

Oxytocin (Oxt) is a hormone, neuropeptide, and medication.

Neurotransmitters, also known as chemical messengers, are endogenous chemicals that enable neurotransmission.

Neurodegeneration is the umbrella term for the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, including death of neurons.

Parvalbumin is a calcium-binding albumin protein with low molecular weight (typically 9-11 kDa).

The mind–body problem is the problem of explaining how mental states, events and processes—like beliefs, actions and thinking—are related to the physical states, events and processes, given that the human body is a physical entity and the mind is non-physical.

The postsynaptic density (PSD) is a protein dense specialization attached to the postsynaptic membrane.

The rostral migratory stream (RMS) is a specialized migratory route found in the brain of some animals along which neuronal precursors that originated in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the brain migrate to reach the main olfactory bulb (OB).

The tegmentum (from Latin for "covering") is a general area within the brainstem.

Externalism is a group of positions in the philosophy of mind which argues that the conscious mind is not only the result of what is going on inside the nervous system (or the brain), but also what occurs or exists outside the subject.

Spaced Learning is a learning method in which highly condensed learning content is repeated three times, with two 10-minute breaks during which distractor activities such as physical activities are performed by the students.

Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity or neural plasticity, is an umbrella term that describes lasting change to the brain throughout an individual's life course.

The temporoparietal junction (TPJ) is an area of the brain where the temporal and parietal lobes meet, at the posterior end of the Sylvian fissure.

A mirror neuron is a neuron that fires both when an animal acts and when the animal observes the same action performed by another.

Psychophysics quantitatively investigates the relationship between physical stimuli and the sensations and perceptions they produce.

Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system.

Macropsia (also known as megalopia) is a neurological condition affecting human visual perception, in which objects within an affected section of the visual field appear larger than normal, causing the person to feel smaller than they actually are.

The acoustic radiations or auditory radiations are structures found in the brain, in the ventral cochlear pathway, a part of the auditory system.

The barrel cortex refers to a region of somatosensory cortex that is identifiable in some species of rodents and species of at least two other orders and contains the barrel field.

Presentation is a Windows software application for conducting psychological and neurobehavioral experiments, developed by Neurobehavioral Systems Inc.

The ribbon synapse is a type of neuronal synapse characterized by the presence of an electron-dense structure, the synaptic ribbon, that holds vesicles close to the active zone.

The W. Alden Spencer Award is awarded to an investigator in recognition of outstanding research contributions by the College of Physicians and Surgeons, the Department of Neuroscience, and The Kavli Institute for Brain Science at Columbia University.

The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging at University College London (incorporating the Leopold Muller Functional Imaging Laboratory and the Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience) is an interdisciplinary centre for neuroimaging research based in London, United Kingdom.

Long-term depression (LTD), in neurophysiology, is an activity-dependent reduction in the efficacy of neuronal synapses lasting hours or longer following a long patterned stimulus.

Surface wave detection by animals is the process by which animals, such as surface-feeding fish are able to sense and localize prey and other objects on the surface of a body of water by analyzing features of the ripples generated by objects' movement at the surface.

Neurogenetics studies the role of genetics in the development and function of the nervous system.

Intention tremor, also known as cerebellar tremor, is a dyskinetic disorder characterized by a broad, coarse, and low frequency (below 5 Hz) tremor.

Brain-to-body mass ratio, also known as the brain to body weight ratio, is the ratio of brain mass to body mass, which is hypothesised to be a rough estimate of the intelligence of an animal, although fairly inaccurate in many cases.

NeuroLex is a dynamic lexicon of neuroscience concepts.

Connectome: How the Brain's Wiring Makes Us Who We Are (2012) is a book by Sebastian Seung.

Innerscope Research is an integrated consumer neuroscience research firm founded in 2006 and based in Boston, Massachusetts with an office in New York City.

Consciousness and the Brain: Deciphering How the Brain Codes Our Thoughts is a 2014 book by Stanislas Dehaene.

L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (alpha-GPC, choline alfoscerate) is a natural choline compound found in the brain.

Slit refers to a family of related genes which encode a corresponding set of secreted proteins, also collectively referred to as Slit.

The Gruber Prize in Neuroscience, established in 2004, is one of three international awards worth US$500,000 made by the Gruber Foundation, a non-profit organization based in Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut.

Frederick Robert "Ted" Carrick (born February 26, 1952) is a senior research fellow at the Bedfordshire Centre for Mental Health Research in association with the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Neuropathology is the study of disease of nervous system tissue, usually in the form of either small surgical biopsies or whole-body autopsies.

Functional specialization suggests that different areas in the brain are specialized for different functions.

The supraoptic nucleus (SON) is a nucleus of magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus of the mammalian brain.

Epineurial repair is a common surgical procedure to repair a nerve laceration via the epineurium, the connective tissue surrounding nerve fibers originating from the spinal cord.

Split-brain is a lay term to describe the result when the corpus callosum connecting the two hemispheres of the brain is severed to some degree.

Gregory S. Berns is an American neuroeconomist, neuroscientist, professor of psychiatry, psychologist and writer.

The Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI) is a research laboratory founded within the Department of Neurology at the UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine.

Tarlov cysts, also known as perineural cysts, are type II innervated meningeal cysts, cerebrospinal-fluid-filled (CSF) sacs most frequently located in the spinal canal of the S1-to-S5 region of the spinal cord (much less often in the cervical, thoracic or lumbar spine), and can be distinguished from other meningeal cysts by their nerve-fiber-filled walls.

Anabaseine (3,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-2,3’-bipyridine) is an alkaloid toxin produced by Nemertines and Aphaenogaster ants.

The Neuroscience Information Framework is a repository of global neuroscience web resources, including experimental, clinical, and translational neuroscience databases, knowledge bases, atlases, and genetic/genomic resources and provides many authoritative links throughout the neuroscience portal of Wikipedia.

EDLUT (Event-Driven LookUp Table) is a computer application for simulating networks of spiking neurons.

OpenViBE is a software platform dedicated to designing, testing and using brain-computer interfaces.

The striosomes (also referred to as the striatal patches) are one of two complementary chemical compartments within the striatum (the other compartment is known as the matrix) that can be visualized by staining for immunocytochemical markers such as acetylcholinesterase, enkephalin, substance P, limbic system-associated membrane protein (LAMP), AMPA receptor subunit 1 (GluR1), dopamine receptor subunits, and calcium binding proteins.

The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals is a book by Charles Darwin, published in 1872, concerning genetically determined aspects of behaviour.

Suh Yoo-hun (Hangul: 서유헌, born February 8, 1948) is a South Korean neuroscientist.

Luria Neuroscience Institute (LNI) and its not-for-profit arm Luria Scientific Foundation (LNF) were founded in 2011 with the broad purpose of advancing research in cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology, and disseminating knowledge in these areas.

The Budapest Reference Connectome computes the frequently appearing anatomical brain connections of 418 healthy subjects.

İsmail Tayfun UZBAY was born in 1959 in Ünye, Ordu.

The empathizing–systemizing (E–S) theory suggests that people may be classified on the basis of their scores along two dimensions: empathizing (E) and systemizing (S).

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a group of endogenous cannabinoid receptors located in the mammalian brain and throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems, consisting of neuromodulatory lipids and their receptors.

NeuroFocus, Inc. was an American multinational neuromarketing company that was acquired by Nielsen in May 2011.

The Roundabout (Robo) family of proteins are single-pass transmembrane receptors that are highly conserved across many branches of the animal kingdom, from C.

Andrej Kral (born 1969) is a German / Slovak neuroscientist and director of the Institute of AudioNeuroTechnology at the Hannover Medical School.

The study of the causes of transsexuality investigates gender identity formation of transgender people, especially those who are transsexual.

Marcus E. Raichle (born March 15, 1937) is an American neurologist at the Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Missouri.

Consciousness after death is a common theme in society and culture in the context of life after death.

Delusions of Gender: How Our Minds, Society, and Neurosexism Create Difference is a 2010 book by Cordelia Fine, written to debunk the idea that men and women are hardwired with different interests.