2022-10-31T05:41:04+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)</p>, <p>MHC class I</p>, <p>MHC class II</p>, <p>true</p>, <p>Hapten </p>, <p>Hapten Hypothesis</p>, <p>Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)</p>, <p>Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)</p>, <p>carbamazepine/oxcarbazapine </p>, <p>Allopurinol</p>, <p>southeast asian</p>, <p>prodrug</p>, <p>CYP2C19</p>, <p>intermediate metabolite</p>, <p>CYP3A4</p>, <p>equipotent</p>, <p>85%; 35%</p>, <p>enhanced inhibition of platelet aggregation; increases bleeding risk</p>, <p>omeprazole &amp; esomeprazole </p>, <p>inactivates voltage gate-calcium channels to reduce neuronal excitability </p>, <p>induces its own metabolism</p>, <p>Oxcarbazepine </p>, <p>CYP3A4</p>, <p>phenytoin and other aromatic anticonvulsants </p>, <p>abacavir</p>, <p>b</p>, <p>a, b</p>, <p>CYP2C19</p>, <p>increased bleeding</p> flashcards
Neurology/ Cardiology (Tschumper)

Neurology/ Cardiology (Tschumper)

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  • Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)

    -is a component of the MHC complex that presents antigens to the surface cell to induce an immune response.

  • MHC class I

    -present peptides from proteins that break down inside the cell

    -foreign antigens presented by MHC I attract cytotoxic T-cells

    -bind to CD8+ receptors

  • MHC class II

    -present antigens encountered outside of the cell

    -stimulate the multiplication of T-helper cells

    -bind to CD4+ receptors

  • true

    HLA-induced hypersensitivities are not related to the concentration of the drug. T or F?

  • Hapten

    -chemically reactive small molecule that binds to proteins or peptides

  • Hapten Hypothesis

    -when haptens bind to drugs; this can form an immunogen that is presented to T-cells to illicit an immune response.

  • Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)

    -severe skin rash characterized by mucosal lesions and blisters

    -skin detachment affected <10% of BSA; Mortality <5%

  • Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)

    -severe skin rash characterized by major skin exfoliation

    -skin detachment affecting >30% of BSA; Mortality >30%

  • carbamazepine/oxcarbazapine

    When selecting alternatives to phenytoin, you should avoid ______

  • Allopurinol

    -a xanthine oxidase inhibitor used to prevent formation of uric acid

    -used in patients at risk for tumor lysis syndrome and gout

  • southeast asian

    Which ethnicity is most hypersensitive to Allopurinol

  • prodrug

    Clopidogrel is a _______

  • CYP2C19

    Clopidogrel is metabolized by ________

  • intermediate metabolite

    Prasugrel is first metabolized into a(n) _______ before it is active.

  • CYP3A4

    Prasugrel & Ticagrelor are mainly metabolized by

  • equipotent

    Ticagrelor & its metabolite are __________ as antiplatelet agents.

  • 85%; 35%

    ________ of Ticagrelor remains unchanged; while ________ becomes orally bioavailable.

  • enhanced inhibition of platelet aggregation; increases bleeding risk

    CYP2C19*17 gain of function allele will have what effect on clopidogrel and thus the body?

  • omeprazole & esomeprazole

    ___________ & ____________ can be prescribed with Clopidogrel to treat bleeding.

  • inactivates voltage gate-calcium channels to reduce neuronal excitability

    Carbamazepine MOA?

  • induces its own metabolism

    What is unique about carbamazepine?

  • Oxcarbazepine

    What is the derivative of Carbamazepine?

  • CYP3A4

    Carbamazepine is metabolized by _____

  • phenytoin and other aromatic anticonvulsants

    Individuals who are HLA-B*15:02 should avoid _______

  • abacavir

    Individuals who are HLA-B *57:01 should avoid _______

  • b

    Which is true about Ticagrelor (Brilinta)

    a. it is a prodrug

    b. it escapes the first pass effect

    c. it has PGx issues

    d. it isn't metabolized by CYP3A4 at all

  • a, b

    Which is true about Prasugrel (Effient)

    a. it is a pro drug

    b. metabolized by CYP3A4

    c. has PGx issues

    d. inactivated via sulfation

  • CYP2C19

    Clopidogrel is metabolized by ________

  • increased bleeding

    UM metabolizers of clopidogrel have _________