2022-11-23T17:57:51+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>Internet</p>, <p>Protocol</p>, <p>Internet Standards</p>, <p>Network Core</p>, <p>Access Networks</p>, <p>End System Interaction</p>, <p>DSL (Digital Subsciber Line)</p>, <p>Cable Network</p>, <p>Home network</p>, <p>Fiber to the home (FTTH)</p>, <p>5G fixed wireless</p>, <p>Wireless access networks </p>, <p>Data center network</p>, <p>Host</p>, <p>Host sending function</p>, <p>Bit</p>, <p>physical link</p>, <p>guided media</p>, <p>Unguided media</p>, <p>twisted pair</p>, <p>coaxial cable</p>, <p>broadband</p>, <p>fiber optic cable</p>, <p>Packet Switching: Store-and-ForwardTransmission</p>, <p>Network core key function</p>, <p>Routing</p>, <p>forwarding</p>, <p>circuit switching</p>, <p>Packet switched</p>, <p>End system connect to internet via</p>, <p>Evolution of network was driven by</p>, <p>Packet loss</p>, <p>Throughput</p>, <p>why layering</p>, <p>7. Application</p>, <p>6. Presentation</p>, <p>5. Session</p>, <p>4. Transport</p>, <p>3. Network</p>, <p>2. Data link</p>, <p>1. Physical</p>, <p>Malware can be</p>, <p>virus</p>, <p>worm</p>, <p>spyware malware</p>, <p>Denial of Services : Dos</p>, <p>packet sniffing</p>, <p>ip spoofing</p>, <p>Lines of defense:</p>, <p>instantaneous throughput</p>, <p>average throughput</p> flashcards
NetComms Chapter 1

NetComms Chapter 1

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Review

  • Internet

    - basic hardware and software components that make up the internet- a networking infrastructure that provides services to distributed applications

  • Protocol

    - Set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices

    - Defines format, order of messages exchanged among network entities, actions taken on message transmission, receipt or other event.- eg: TCP, IP, HTTP SKYPE, 802.11

  • Internet Standards

    RFC: Request for commentsIETF: Internet Engineering Task Force

  • Network Core

    Interconnected routers/network of networks

  • Access Networks

    wired and wireless communication links

  • End System Interaction

    Network that physically connects end system to the first router (edge router)

  • DSL (Digital Subsciber Line)

    Use existing telephone line to exchange data with DSLAM located in telco's local central office

  • Cable Network

    Use cable television existing infrastructure. Hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) network. Home share access network to cable headend. Shared broadcast medium ( every packet travels trough link/home). frequency division multiplexing: different channels transmitted in different frequency bands

  • Home network

    Combine broadband residential access (cable modems or DSL) with inexpensive wireless LAN technologies.

  • Fiber to the home (FTTH)

    provide an optical fiber path from the CO directly to the home

  • 5G fixed wireless

    high speed residential access without installing costly and failure-prone cabling from telco's central office to the home. Data sent wirelessly from base station to a modem in the home

  • Wireless access networks

    Shared wireless access network connects end system torouter via access point

  • Data center network

    high bandwith link connect hundreds to thousands of servers together to internet

  • Host

    send packets of data

  • Host sending function

    take app message, break into packets, transmit packets into access networks at transmission rate R

  • Bit

    propagates between transmitter and receiver

  • physical link

    what lies between transmitter and receiver

  • guided media

    signal propagate in solid media E.g.: twisted-pair copper wire, coaxial cable, multimodefiber-optic cable

  • Unguided media

    signal propagate free. eg: radio, terrestrial radio spectrum and satellite radio spectrum

  • twisted pair

    two insulated copper wires

  • coaxial cable

    two cocentric copper conductor, bidirectional

  • broadband

    multiple frequency channels cable

  • fiber optic cable

    glass fiber carrying light pulse each pulse a bit, low error rate cause immune to electromagnetic noise and repeaters spaced far apart

  • Packet Switching: Store-and-ForwardTransmission

    router must receive entire packet before transmit it

  • Network core key function

    routing and forwarding

  • Routing

    determines source to destionation routes taken by packets

  • forwarding

    move packets from router input interface to router output interface

  • circuit switching

    connection oriented, dedicated circuit, guaranteed level of services, insufficient use of medium, single path no redundancy.

  • Packet switched

    connectionless, shared circuit, messages divided into pakcets, effiecient use of medium, fault tolerant, multiple possible paths

  • End system connect to internet via

    Access ISP

  • Evolution of network was driven by

    Economics and national policies

  • Packet loss

    cause q has limited capacity, thus packet lost, lost packe may be transmitted by previous node or source end system.

  • Throughput

    critical performance in computer, rate which bits transferred between send-receiver

  • why layering

    allows identification and relation of complex system, ease maintenance and system update

  • 7. Application

    Network process to application

  • 6. Presentation

    allow application to interpret meaning of data

  • 5. Session

    Interhost communication, managing session between app, sync and data recovery

  • 4. Transport

    Reliable delivery of packets between points on a network

  • 3. Network

    addressing, routing and delivery of datagrams between points on a network

  • 2. Data link

    A reliable direct point to point data connection

  • 1. Physical

    A direct point to point data connection

  • Malware can be

    self replicate, user activate, program activated, recruit device to be part of botnet

  • virus

    self replicate infection by receiving/executing object

  • worm

    self replicate infection by passively receiving object that get itself execute

  • spyware malware

    record keystrokes, webs visited, upload to site

  • Denial of Services : Dos

    Attackers make resource unavailable to legitimate traffic by overwhelming with bogus traffic

  • packet sniffing

    network interface that can read and record all packets

  • ip spoofing

    send packets with false source address

  • Lines of defense:

    authentication: proving you are who you say you are• cellular networks provides hardware identity via SIM card;no such hardware assist in traditional Internet▪ confidentiality: via encryption▪ integrity checks: digital signatures prevent/detect tampering▪ access restrictions: password-protected VPNs▪ firewalls: specialized “middleboxes” in access and corenetworks:▪ off-by-default: filter incoming packets to restrictsenders, receivers, applications▪ detecting/reacting to DOS attacks

  • instantaneous throughput

    rate at given point in time

  • average throughput

    rate over longer period of time