Mobility

Movement, Posture and Positioning, and Generation of Body Heat

Combined effort from the musculoskeletal and nervous systems to maintain posture, alignment, and balance.

body alignment

balance

body movement

supports the spine, muscles, and joints, which increases strength, reduces fatigue, and uses less energy

passes thru body and divides it into 2 equal halves

vertical line should run from the top of the head and straight down through the ear lobe, shoulder, trunk, hip, femur, knee, and ankle

stand or move as close to the object as possible

keep the abdominal muscles contracted and the lower back in its normal position

maintain the head upright with shoulders raised up

bow the hips slightly and squat

dont twist torso, always pivot or side step

push up from the knees and use the momentum to lift the object

Practice controls: lighting, noise, transfer lifts, carts, furniture, whole-body vibrations, exposure to heat/cold.

Physical characteristics: posture, duration, force, velocity, heavy exertion, repetition, time, lunch/rest breaks, recovery time.

Environmental hazards: mental stress, physical stress, workload hours (shift, overtime), falls, slips, exposure to hazards

1. assess client level of mobility

2. get lift assitance

3. lock the wheels of the bed

4. raise the clients bed

5. position the client's arms across their chest

6. use the draw sheet to move client

7. lower the clients bed to the lowest position

reduced mechanical load and stress on bones, contributing to a loss of mass, density, and strength

occurs when bones have become thinner and weaker as a result of prolonged bed rest.

sufficient supply of O2 and Glucose

loss of lean muscle mass and deterioration of the twitch fibers in voluntary muscle ( responsible for contraction speed and ability to rest fatigue)

leg muscles due to their constant exertion from carrying your fatass all day

4 , collagen fibers

changes in tissue tension, elasticity, and shape, leading to joint stiffness and decreased range of motion, especially in the extremities

causing formation of abnormal tissue within and between joint spaces, which restrict nourishment

abnormal fixations of the joints that occur as a result of changes to muscles and connective tissue

a tyoe of joint contracture that results in a partial or total inability to pull toes up towards head (dorsifelxion)

damage to peroneal nerve

A decrease in blood pressure that occurs upon standing, especially from a lying or sitting position. A significant drop in the blood pressure caused by a change in position.

A decrease in systolic blood pressure of 20 mm Hg or more.

OR

A decrease in diastolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg or more within 3 minutes of changing to a sitting or standing position.

Collapse of airways and small sections of the lung as a result of shallow breathing. The collapsing of the lung during expansion.

gastroesophageal reflus

fecal impactation

urinary retention

renal calculi

restrictive bood flow (tissue, lymph nodes,

skin breakdown (due to inc exposure to moisture from sweat, wound drainage, and incontinece)

1. extend arm to shake hands with clients farther upper extremity

2.instruct client to sit on edge of bed for at lease 2 minutes

3.instruct client to extend one leg, flex ankle, and point toes

4.request client to stand at the bedside for at least 5 seconds

5.request client to walk in place

6.ask client to take a few steps forward and then backwards

optimal height

when pt standing with arms relxed, top of cane should be level with inside of wrist

when pt grasping cane, slbow bent at 15-30 degrees

weak foot first

characteristics: Lying on abdomen with the head turned to one side; hips are unflexed

advantages:Allows for full extension of the hip and knee joints to prevent contractures

Promotes drainage of secretions

Characteristics:Lying flat on the back, possibly with knees bent

Advantages:Enables visualization of the client for examination

Characteristics: Side-lying; the hips and knees are flexed with a pillow separating the knees/legs

Designated as left lateral or right lateral depending on which side of the client is in contact with the bed

Advantages:Promotes spinal alignment

Reduces pressure on the sacrum and heels

Characteristics:Semi-seated or reclined position with the head of the bed elevated 45 degrees; knees may be flexed

Semi-Fowler: Head of the bed is elevated 15 to 30 degrees

High-Fowler: Head of the bead is elevated 60 to 90 degrees

Advantage: Promote lung expansion

Charcateristics: Placed between the prone and lateral positions, with the top leg flexed up toward the chest and supported with a pillow; the bottom arm is placed to the side of the torso, not underneath

Advantages:Reduces pressure on the sacrum and hips

Promotes drainage of secretions

Characteristics:Lying flat on the back, with the foot of the bed above the head of the bed

Reverse Trendelenburg: The foot of the bed is lower than the head of the bed

Advantages:Promotes venous return

Promotes drainage of the lower lobes of the lungs

The client cannot bear weight, assist, or maintain a seated position. Use a total mechanical lift or sling.

The client can maintain a seated position and has some upper extremity strength but lacks enough lower extremity strength to transfer safely. Use sit-to-stand powered lifts and assistive devices.

The client can rise from a seated position and sustain a steady stand. Use a gait belt and ambulation assistive devices as indicated.

The client can stand, march or step in place, and walk without any help.

Clients who require this type of transfer are usually immobile or acutely ill and unable to assist. A minimum of three to four staff members should be used when performing this type of transfe

used for sitting or standing transfers for clients who are cooperative and have weight-bearing capabilities

Used for clients who can stand but have difficulty moving their feet. Enables the health care personnel to easily rotate the client to the desired position

This type of lift would be appropriate for a client who possesses the lower extremity strength and balance required to maintain an upright position, once that position is achieved

usually for surgical PTs or trauma that have impeded ability to left body upright

bend; reduce the angle between the bones

straighten the limb

move away from baseline

bring closer to baseline

turning to face backwards

turning to face fowards

circular motion

side to side

turn inward

turn outward

True

increase both the heart rate and the respiratory rate

EX:ballroom dancing, water aerobics, swimming laps, brisk walking (2.5 miles), hiking, and slow bike riding at 10 miles per hour