Middle Ages

In Swedish prehistory, the Vendel Period (550-790) comes between the Migration Period and the Viking Age.

Science in the medieval Islamic world (also known, less accurately, as Islamic science or Arabic science) was the science developed and practiced in the medieval Islamic world during the Islamic Golden Age (8th century CE – c. 1258 CE, sometimes considered to have extended to the 15th or 16th century).

Francia or Frankia, also called the Kingdom of the Franks (Latin: Regnum Francorum), Frankish Kingdom, Frankish Empire, Frankish Realm or occasionally Frankland, was the territory inhabited and ruled by the Franks, a confederation of West Germanic tribes, during Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages.

Ostsiedlung (German pronunciation: [ˈɔstˌziːdlʊŋ], literally east settling), in English called the German eastward expansion, was the medieval eastward migration and settlement of German-speaking people from the Holy Roman Empire, especially its southern and western portions, into less-populated regions of eastern Central Europe and western Eastern Europe.

The Imperial Regalia, also Imperial Insignia, (in German Reichskleinodien, Reichsinsignien or Reichsschatz) are the regalia of the Emperors and Kings of the Holy Roman Empire.

Muslim conquests on the Indian subcontinent mainly took place from the 12th to the 16th centuries, though earlier Muslim conquests made limited inroads into modern Afghanistan and Pakistan as early as the time of the Rajput kingdoms in the 8th century.

Layamon or Laghamon (US /ˈleɪəmən/; [ˈlaɣamon]) - spelled Laȝamon or Laȝamonn in his time, occasionally written Lawman - was a poet of the late 12th/early 13th century and author of the Brut, a notable work that was the first to present the legends of Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table in English poetry.

Cyfraith Hywel (Welsh: [ˈkəvraiθ ˈhəwɛl]; Laws of Hywel), also known as Welsh law (Latin: Leges Walliæ ), was the system of law practised in medieval Wales before its final conquest by England.

The Subatlantic is the current climatic age of the Holocene epoch.

Chivalry, or the chivalric code, is a code of conduct associated with the medieval institution of knighthood which developed between 1170 and 1220.

A Meistersinger (German for "master singer") was a member of a German guild for lyric poetry, composition and unaccompanied art song of the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries.

Cluny Abbey (or Cluni, or Clugny, French pronunciation: ​[klyni]) dedicated to St Peter, is a former Benedictine monastery in Cluny, Saône-et-Loire, France.

Terry Jones' Barbarians is a 4-part TV documentary series first broadcast on BBC 2 in 2006.

The Bagratuni or Bagratid (Armenian: Բագրատունի) royal dynasty was a royal family of Armenia that ruled many regional polities of the medieval Kingdom of Armenia, such as Syunik, Lori, Vaspurakan, Vanand, Taron, and Tayk.

Chancery is a general term for a medieval writing office, responsible for the production of official documents.

Sergeant (normally abbreviated to Sgt) is a rank used in many armies, police forces, and other uniformed organizations.

Aljamiado (Spanish: [alxaˈmjaðo]; Portuguese: [aɫʒɐmi'aðʊ]; Arabic: عَجَمِيَة‎‎ trans. ʿajamiyah) or Aljamía texts are manuscripts that use the Arabic script for transcribing European languages, especially Romance languages such as Mozarabic, Portuguese, Spanish or Ladino.

Medieval demography is the study of human demography in Europe and the Mediterranean during the Middle Ages.

A modern geographic barony, in Scotland, Ireland and outlying parts of England, constitutes an administrative division of a country, usually of lower rank and importance than a county.

Common land is land owned collectively by a number of persons, or by one person, but over which other people have certain traditional rights, such as to allow their livestock to graze upon it, to collect firewood, or to cut turf for fuel.

Curia regis is a Latin term meaning "royal council" or "king's court.

The Imperial Sword (German: Reichsschwert) is one of the four most important parts of the Imperial Regalia (Reichskleinodien) of the Holy Roman Empire.

The Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire (German: Reichskrone) was the hoop crown (German: Bügelkrone) of the Holy Roman Emperor from the 11th century to the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806.

Bernard of Cluny (or, of Morlaix, Morlay) was a twelfth-century French Benedictine monk, best known as the author of De Contemptu Mundi (On Contempt for the World), a long verse satire in Latin.

A peasant is a member of a traditional class of farmers, either laborers or owners of small farms, especially in the Middle Ages under feudalism, or more generally, in any pre-industrial society.

A league of towns (in German: Städtebund) is an alliance of two or more, usually geographically close, towns and/or cities for the protection of their political and/or economic interests.

The Capitulary of Quierzy (pronounced Kiersy), was a capitulary of the emperor Charles II, comprising a series of measures for safeguarding the administration of his realm during his second Italian expedition, as well as directions for his son Louis the Stammerer, who was entrusted with the government during his father's absence.

Note: All dates are Common Era.

The Chronica Majora is an important medieval illuminated manuscript chronicle written in Latin by Matthew Paris, a Benedictine monk living in the Abbey of St Albans.

Post-classical history (also called the Post-Antiquity era, Post-Ancient Era, or Pre-Modern Era) is the period of time that immediately followed ancient history and preceded the modern history.

Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems (in Arabic مروج الذهب ومعادن الجوهر transliteration: Muruj adh-dhahab wa ma'adin al-jawahir) is an historical account in Arabic of the beginning of the world starting with Adam and Eve up to and through the late Abbasid Caliphate by medieval Baghdadi historian Masudi (in Arabic المسعودي).

Fool's literature was a literary tradition in medieval Europe in which the stock character of a fool was used as an allegory to satirize the contemporary society.

Elne (French: [ɛln]; Catalan: Elna [ˈɛlnə], locally: [ˈ(j)elnə]) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Middle Ages: Middle Ages – periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century.

The Migration Period was a time of widespread migrations within or into Europe in the middle of the first millennium AD.

European science in the Middle Ages comprised the study of nature, mathematics and natural philosophy in medieval Europe.

An abandoned village is a village that has, for some reason, been deserted.

Scribal abbreviations or sigla (singular: siglum or sigil) are the abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes writing in Latin, and later in Greek and Old Norse.

Medieval Latin was the form of Latin used in the Middle Ages, primarily as a medium of scholarly exchange and as the liturgical language of Chalcedonian Christianity and the Roman Catholic Church, but also as a language of science, literature, law, and administration.

From the 11th to 13th centuries, medieval Europe absorbed knowledge from Islamic civilization, which was then at its cultural peak.

The geography of Scotland in the Middle Ages covers all aspects of the land that is now Scotland, including physical and human, between the departure of the Romans in the early fifth century from what are now the southern borders of the country, to the adoption of the major aspects of the Renaissance in the early sixteenth century.

The history of Christianity during the Middle Ages is the history of Christianity between the Fall of Rome (c. 476) and the onset of the Protestant Reformation during the early 16th century, the development usually taken to mark the beginning of modern Christianity.

Antisemitism in the history of the Jews in the Middle Ages became increasingly prevalent in the Late Middle Ages.

The Medieval History Database (MHDB) is an online project with the goal of creating 3D virtual models of "cathedrals, towns, chateaux, and other locations", which users can move through in real-time on their personal computers.

The Rai Dynasty (c. 416–644 CE) was a Hindu dynasty based in Sindh, which ruled much of the Northwestern regions of the Indian Subcontinent.

A palfrey is a type of horse that was highly valued as a riding horse in the Middle Ages.

Horses in the Middle Ages differed in size, build and breed from the modern horse, and were, on average, smaller.

The medieval history of the Serer people of Senegambia is partly characterised by resisting Islamization from perhaps the 11th century during the Almoravid movement (which would later result in the Serers of Takrur migration to the south), to the 19th century Marabout movement of Senegambia and continuation of the old Serer paternal dynasties.

Apage is an Ancient Greek word (ἄπαγε, Imperative of ἀπάγω, “lead away”) and means: * In Ancient Greek an annoyed exclamation: Pack off!, Away with you! or as the phrase Ἄπαγε ἐς μακαρίαν ἐκποδῶν: Damn you!.