microbio FUNGI

in their cell wall (Fungi)

achlorophyllous, eukaryotic, spore bearing

Eukaryotic and unicellular • usually spherical or oval

Yeast reproduce asexually by

Yeast reproduce sexually by

• considered the most important single microorganism from an industrial standpoint (important in alcohol and wine production, leavening of bread,

flourish in habitats where sugars are found such as

Yeast cell wall made up of

mannan absent in

Ascomycetous yeast

Basidiomycetous yeast

Deuteromycetous

cause thrushdisease of humans

eukaryotic and multicellular •filamentous fungi

Mold cell wall mostly contain

• heterotrophic with most being saprophytic while others are parasitic or pathogenic • have enzymes for digesting a wide variety of substances like feathers, hair, cellulose,

Molds are made up of long, thread-like structures

the hyphae are intertwined together to form the body of the mold which is called

Molds reproduce sexually and asexually by

Molds cause human diseases such as

with cross walls dividing hyphae into segments

c no cross walls; consists of one long, continuous cell not divided into compartments

mainly function for penetration and absorption of nutrients from the substrate

arise from the vegetative hyphae and are responsible for the production of fungal reproductive structures called spores

Molds reproduce by simple outward growth of existing hyphae, by

product of mitotic division of a single parent cell

Asexual spores example

formed by successive division of a sac-like head called sporangium, attached to a stalk, the sporangiophore

free spores not enclosed by a spore-bearing sac;

rectangular conidia spores formed when septate hyphae fragment at cross walls

arthrospores example

causes powdery mildew disease of crops

spherical conidium formed by thickening of hyphal cell; • released when hypha fractures; serve as survival or resting cell

chlamydospore example

produced by budding from a parent cell; also called bud

a conidium that is budded from the mouth of a vaseshaped spore-bearing cell

mouth of a vaseshaped spore-bearing cell called

Phialospore example

small and large conidia formed by same fungus

are one-celled

have 2 or more cell

example of Microconidium and Macroconidium

a conidium that grows out through small pores in the sporebearing cell

Phorospore example

formed from fusion of fertile hyphae of 2 different strains, union of differentiated male and female structures and development of special fruiting structures

diploid spores formed when hyphae of opposite strains fuse and create a diploid zygote that swells

Zygospores are Produced by fungal class

haploid spores found inside a sac called ascus

Ascospores are produced by fungal class

ascospores examples

haploid sexual spores formed on the outside of a club-shaped cell called basidium

Basidiospores are produced by fungal class

examples of basidiospores

produce sexual and asexual spores (Perfect Fungi)

Imperfect fungi •Do not produce spores

Zygomycota asexual spores

fruitlet rot of jackfruit

fruitlet rot of jackfruit; also affects flower and fruits of squash

ascomycota that causes ringworm

– cause post Penicillium (asexual) harvest diseases

cause rots of Aspergillus (asexual) vegetable

corn rust

peanut rust

corn smut

mushroom

rat’s ear

do not form spores but produce sclerotial bodies

asexual spores: conidia of various types, hyphae: septate

mungbean wilt

brown spot of corn

mango anthracnose

cause sheath blight of rice and rots in vegetables and other crops

–now commonly called fungal-like organisms.

Straminophila Cell wall –made up of

Asexual spores of Oomycetes

Sexual spores of Oomycetes

Hyphae of oomycota

cause damping off of seedlings

aused the potato famine in Europe (due to potato late blight epidemic) – This caused the migration of Europeans to America and Canada.

Jackfruit decline and seedling dieback

Cacao pod rot

Downy mildew of cucurbits

Basidiomycota asexual spores

hyphae of Basidiomycota

hyphae of Zygomycota