MICRO BIO 8 taas kaauo

coccus by pair

example of diplococcus

Cocci in chain

streptococcus examples

examples of Sarcinae

irregular clusters

examles of Staphylococcus

occur as slender rod

rectangle with square ends as anthrax

curved bacilli

cause of syphilis

cause of leptorisis

only one species but with variable shape

rod shaped but they display variations such as club-shaped, swollen, curved, filamentous and coccoid when grown in culture

Haveelongated cells which have definite tendency to branch to produce branched mycelium and multiply by spores

The cell structure is procaryotic like the proper bacteria

cause of potato scab

cause of nocardiosis

source of streptomycin antibiotic

source of tetracycline antibiotic

soruce of Nystatin

structures that sprout from surface of bacteria; not present in all species

confers motility or self-propulsion

flagella attached at one or both ends of the cell

one flagella

with small bunches or tufts of flagella emerging from the same site e

with flagella at both poles of the cell

many flagellum at both ends

flagella dispersed over the surface the cell

a type of internal flagellum enclosed between the cell wall and cell membrane

small, bristle-like fibers sprouting from surface of many bacterial cells • have tendency to stick to each other and to surfaces • enable the bacteria to bind to specific receptor structures and thereby to colonize specific surfaces.

Elongate, rigid, tubular structure made up of protein called pilin

Found only in Gram-negative bacteria

Involved in the partial transfer of DNA from one cell to another during conjugation

made up of repeating polysaccharide units, protein or both • protects the cell or may cause it to adhere to its environment • differ among bacteria in thickness,organization and chemical composition

thin, loose soluble sheath that protects the bacteria from loss of water and nutrients.

for adherence to surface

•Bound more tightly to the cell than the slime layer •Protects bacterial cells from phagocytes •Mycobacterium tubercolusis has thick capsule which make them more resistant to drugs

gives shape to the bacterium, provides structural support that keeps bacterium from bursting or collpasing because of changes in osmotic pressure

an antibiotic that prevents cell wall synthesis

an enzyme that degrades the peptidoglycan layer

Gram positive+lysozyme

Gram negative+ lysozome

which causes primary atypical pneumonia in humans (CWDB)

CWDB

cause corn stunt and citrus decline (CWDB)

• thin (5-10 nm) flexible sheet molded completely around the cytoplasm • composed of lipid bilayer with embedded protein • regulate transport of substances into and out of the cell • site for energy reactions, nutrient processing and synthesis

• found encased by the cell membrane • gelatinous solution made up of water (70– 80%), and a complex mixture of nutrients including sugars, amino acids and salts • site for many biochemical and synthetic activities of the cell

represents the genetic material of bacteria which come as single circular strand of DNA; found in cell area called nucleoid

essential pieces of DNA duplicated and passed on to offspring; confer protective traits such as resisting drugs and producing toxins and enzymes

site of protein synthesis

• represent stored food like glycogen; • in some aquatic bacteria, they come as gas vesicles for buoyancy and flotation.

Some contain crystals of inorganic compounds, termed

cell wall of bacteria contains

cause of Typhoid fever

Amphitrichous bacteria

Peritrichous bacteria

The filaments curl closely around the bacterium giving spirochetes wriggly mode of locomotion

found only in Gram-negative bacteria

has thick capsule which make them more resistant to drugs

(known as mycoplasma-like organisms) cause coconut lethal yellowing, little leaf disease

cell inclusions come as ____ for buoyancy and flotation

endospore producers

Thedepletion of nutrients, like adequate carbon or nitrogen source, stimulates vegetative cell to begin

tetanus

cause gas gangrene- toxin cause death of affected tissues which release gas.

causes botulism

(food poisoning). The disease begins with weakness, blurred vision, feeling tired, and trouble speaking.

endospores are heat resistant due to

• prokaryotic single-celled organisms belonging to DomainArchaea • also known as extremophiles • Cansustain in extremely harsh environment such as oceans, hot springs, marshlands, and gut of humans

asexual reproduction of Archaea

Archaea and Eukaryotes share this characteristic making them close to each other than bacteria

instead of peptidoglycan in their cell wall, Archaea contains

Eg. Taq polymerase enzyme used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR – a method of in vitro DNA replication) is from a thermophilic bacterium