2019-04-11T14:09:18+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true Active transport, Amphipathic molecule, Aquaporin, Concentration gradient, Cotransport, Diffusion, Electrochemical gradient, Electrogenic pump, Endocytosis, Exocytosis, Facilitated diffusion, Flaccid, Fluid mosaic model, Gated channel, Glycolipid, Glycoprotein, Hypertonic, Hypotonic, Integral protein, Ion channel, Isotonic, Ligand, Membrane potential, Osmoregulation, Osmosis, Passive transport, Peripheral protein, Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis, Plasmolysis, Proton pump, Receptor-mediated endocytosis, Selective permeability, Sodium-potassium pump, Tonicity, Transport protein, Turgid flashcards
Membrane Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function

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  • Active transport
    Uses energy from ATP to move molecules
  • Amphipathic molecule
    A molecule with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions
  • Aquaporin
    Water channel proteins that facilitates the diffusion of massive amounts of water across a cell membrane.
  • Concentration gradient
    An increase or decrease in the density of a solute in an area.
  • Cotransport
    Occurs when the active transport of a specific solute indirectly drives the active transport of another solute.
  • Diffusion
    🍊 The movement from a higher to lower concentration.
  • Electrochemical gradient
    The diffusion gradient of an ion. (The cytoplasm is negative, so cations go inside the cell. The extracellular fluid is postive, so anions go outside the cell.)
  • Electrogenic pump
    A transport protein that generates the voltage across the membrane.
  • Endocytosis
    The cellular uptake of macromolecules through a membrane by folding and pinching off vesicles.
  • Exocytosis
    The cellular secretion of macromolecules by fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.
  • Facilitated diffusion
    Move from HIGH to LOW concentration with
  • Flaccid
    Limp. (When a plant cell is in an isotonic environment / water does not move)
  • Fluid mosaic model
    A model of the plasma membrane.
  • Gated channel
    A protein in a cell membrane that opens up or closes in repsonse to a particular stimulus.
  • Glycolipid
    A lipid covalently attached to a carbohydrate.
  • Glycoprotein
    A protein covalently attached to a carbohydrate.
  • Hypertonic
    Higher concentration of solute.
  • Hypotonic
    Lower concentration of solute.
  • Integral protein
    Proteins that penetrate into lipid bilayer, often completely spanning the membrane.
  • Ion channel
    Protein channel in a cell membrane that allows passage of a specfic ion down its concentration gradient.
  • Isotonic
    Equal concentration of solute.
  • Ligand
    Any molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule).
  • Membrane potential
    The voltage difference across a membrane.
  • Osmoregulation
    Balancing water uptake and loss.
  • Osmosis
    Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane,
  • Passive transport
    Diffusion going from a high to low concentration without the usage of energy.
  • Peripheral protein
    Proteins loosely bound to the surface of the plasma membrane.
  • Phagocytosis
    Form of endocytosis of solid matter.
  • Pinocytosis
    Form of endocytosis of liquid matter.
  • Plasmolysis
    The process where a cell shrivels up and loses water in a hypertonic environment.
  • Proton pump
    An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that uses ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell, generating a membrane potential in the process.
  • Receptor-mediated endocytosis
    Process where a cell take up large amounts of very specific molecules.
  • Selective permeability
    A property of membranes that allow some substances to pass through, others not.
  • Sodium-potassium pump
    Active transport where animal cells transport sodium out of the membrane and potassium into the membrane. (Pumps two K+ ions for every three Na+ ions).
  • Tonicity
    The ability of a solution to cause a cell to lose or gain water.
  • Transport protein
    Proteins that helps substances to move across the membrane.
  • Turgid
    Very firm (healthy state of plant cells when they are in a hypotonic environment).