Medieval culture

An apprenticeship is a system of training a new generation of practitioners of a trade or profession with on-the-job training and often some accompanying study (classroom work and reading).

Lollardy (Lollardry, Lollardism) was a political and religious movement that existed from the mid-14th century to the English Reformation.

The Blessed John of Ruusbroec (Dutch: Jan van Ruusbroec, pronounced [ˈjɑn vɑn ˈryzbruk] or in a recent form Jan (or Johannes) van Ruysbroeck [vɑn ˈrœy̯zbruk]; 1293 or 1294 – 2 December 1381) was one of the Flemish mystics.

Master of St. Francis (ital. Maestro di S. Francesco).

Francesco Laurana, also known as Francesco de la Vrana (Croatian: Frane Vranjanin) (c. 1430 – before 12 March 1502) was a Dalmatian-born sculptor and medallist.

The Master of the Blue Crucifixes was an Italian artist active either in the region of Umbria or Emilia during the middle of the thirteenth century.

The Basilica of Saint Denis (French: known as Basilique royale de Saint-Denis, or simply Basilique Saint-Denis) is a large medieval abbey church in the city of Saint-Denis, now a northern suburb of Paris.

Saint Margaret, O.

Juan Luis Vives (Latin: Ioannes Lodovicus Vives; Catalan: Joan Lluís Vives i March; Dutch: Jan Ludovicus Vives; 6 March 1493 – 6 May 1540) was a Valencian scholar and humanist who spent most of his adult life in the Southern Netherlands.

Carnival (see ) is a Western Christian festive season that occurs before the liturgical season of Lent.

Andrea Vanni (1332 – c. 1414) was an Italian painter of the early Renaissance, active mainly in his native Siena.

Andrea di Bonaiuto da Firenze or Andrea da Firenze (I) (active 1343 – 1377) was an Italian painter active in Florence.

The Renaissance of the 12th century was a period of many changes at the outset of the high Middle Ages.

Devotio Moderna, or Modern Devotion, was a movement for religious reform, calling for apostolic renewal through the rediscovery of genuine pious practices such as humility, obedience and simplicity of life.

A brigandine is a form of body armour from the Middle Ages.

The Codex Manesse, Manesse Codex, or Große Heidelberger Liederhandschrift is a Liederhandschrift (book of songs/poetry), the single most comprehensive source of Middle High German Minnesang poetry, written and illustrated between ca.

Ugolino di Tedice (died after 1277), was an Italian painter and the brother of Enrico di Tedice.

Nardo di Cione (died c. 1366), was an Italian painter, sculptor and architect from Florence.

A fairy (also fay, fae, fair folk; from faery, faerie, "realm of the fays") is a type of mythical being or legendary creature in European folklore, a form of spirit, often described as metaphysical, supernatural, or preternatural.

Joachim of Fiore, also known as Joachim of Flora and in Italian Gioacchino da Fiore (c. 1135 – 30 March 1202), was an Italian theologian and the founder of the monastic order of San Giovanni in Fiore.

Ambrogio Lorenzetti (or Ambruogio Laurati) (c. 1290 – 9 June 1348) was an exceptionally original Italian painter of the Sienese school.

Dietisalvi di Speme was an Italian painter, who worked in Siena between 1250 and 1291.

A stylus, plural styli or styluses, is a writing utensil, or a small tool for some other form of marking or shaping, for example in pottery.

Dionysius Exiguus (Latin for "Dionysius the Humble"; c. AD 470 – c. AD 544 was a 6th-century monk born in Scythia Minor (probably modern Dobruja, in Romania and Bulgaria). He was a member of a community of Scythian monks concentrated in Tomis, the major city of Scythia Minor. Dionysius is best known as the inventor of the Anno Domini (AD) era, which is used to number the years of both the Gregorian calendar and the (Christianised) Julian calendar. Some churches adopted his computus (calculation) for the dates of Easter.

The Ottonian Renaissance was a limited "renaissance" of Byzantine and Late Antique art in Central and Southern Europe that accompanied the reigns of the first three Holy Roman Emperors of the Ottonian (or Saxon) dynasty: Otto I (936–973), Otto II (973–983), and Otto III (983–1002), and which in large part depended upon their patronage.

(The native form of this personal name is Vitéz János. This article uses the Western name order.) John Vitéz de Zredna (Hungarian: zrednai Vitéz János; Croatian: Ivan Vitez od Sredne; c. 1408 – 8 August 1472) was the Hungarian archbishop of Esztergom and a prominent humanist, diplomat, Latinist, mathematician, astrologist and astronomer.

Berlinghiero Berlinghieri, also known as Berlinghiero of Lucca (fl. 1228 – between 1236 and 1242), was an Italian painter of the early thirteenth century.

Coppo di Marcovaldo (c. 1225 – c. 1276) was a Florentine painter active in the middle of thethirteenth century, whose fusion of both the Italian and Byzantine styles had great influence ongenerations of Italian artists.

Guido of Siena, was an Italian painter, active during the 13th-century in Siena, and painting in a Byzantine style.

Margarito or Margaritone d'Arezzo (fl. c. 1250–1290) was an Italian painter from Arezzo.

Bartholomeus Anglicus (English: Bartholomew the Englishman) (before 1203 – 1272) was an early 13th-century scholastic scholar of Paris, a member of the Franciscan order.

William Caxton (c. 1422 – c. 1491) was an English merchant, diplomat, writer and printer.

Giottino (fl. 1324 – 1369), also known as Tommaso Fiorentino, was an early Italian painter from Florence.

The so-called Byzantine Master of the Crucifix of Pisa was an anonymous Italian painter active in Pisa in the first half of the thirteenth century.

Dirk Martens (Latin: Theodoricus Martinus) (1446 or 1447 – 28 May 1534) was a printer and editor in Flanders.

Long Crendon is a village and civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England, about 3 miles (5 km) west of Haddenham and 2 miles (3 km) north-west of Thame in neighbouring Oxfordshire.

A herald, or, more correctly, a herald of arms, is an officer of arms, ranking between pursuivant and king of arms.

The Brethren of the Common Life (Latin: Fratres Vitae Communis) (FVC) was a Roman Catholic pietist religious community founded in the Netherlands in the 14th century by Gerard Groote, formerly a successful and worldly educator who had had a religious experience and preached a life of simple devotion to Jesus Christ.

A tournament, or tourney (from Old French torneiement, tornei) was a chivalrous competition or mock fight in Europe in the Middle Ages and Renaissance (12th to 16th centuries).

The Master of Badia a Isola was an Italian painter.

Bernard of Cluny (or, of Morlaix, Morlay) was a twelfth-century French Benedictine monk, best known as the author of De Contemptu Mundi (On Contempt for the World), a long verse satire in Latin.

Giunta Pisano (also named Giunta da Pisa or Giunta Capitini) was an Italian painter.

Roscelin of Compiègne (c. 1050 – c. 1125), better known by his Latinized name Roscellinus Compendiensis or Rucelinus, was a French philosopher and theologian, often regarded as the founder of nominalism.

Master of Città di Castello, in Italian, Maestro di Città di Castello, (active 1290-1320) was an anonymous painter of Medieval art.

Guibert de Nogent (c. 1055–1124) was a Benedictine historian, theologian and author of autobiographical memoirs.

Cockaigne or Cockayne /kɒˈkeɪn/ is a land of plenty in medieval myth, an imaginary place of extreme luxury and ease where physical comforts and pleasures are always immediately at hand and where the harshness of medieval peasant life does not exist.

European science in the Middle Ages comprised the study of nature, mathematics and natural philosophy in medieval Europe.

Allegretto Nuzi or Allegretto di Nuzio (1315–1373) was an Italian painter, active in a Gothic style mainly around Fabriano, in the Province of Ancona.

Sources for an understanding of dance in Europe in the Middle Ages are limited and fragmentary, being composed of some interesting depictions in paintings and illuminations, a few musical examples of what may be dances, and scattered allusions in literary texts.

Puccio di Simone (fl. 1346-1358) was an Italian Gothic painter, active in Florence.