Medical/Surgical Asepsis/ Stand Precaution/ HAIs

It may mean using soap and water to wash the hands as in typical handwashing, using alcohol-based hand sanitizers, using an antiseptic handwash or hand rub, and surgical hand antisepsis

15-30 sec

These products, which contain varying amounts of alcohol, may be used to decrease the number of micro-organisms (bacteria, viruses, and fungi) on the hand

These handwashes are used to wash the hands in combination with water. The hand rubs are applied to the surfaces of the hands to decrease microbe load, using the same hand hygiene techniques as are used with hand sanitizer

a chemical agent that slows or stops the growth of microorganisms on external surfaces of the body and helps to prevent infection.

Alcohols

Chlorhexidine

Chlorine

Chloroxylenol (parachlorometaxylenol [PCMX])

HexachloropheneIodine/iodophors

Quaternary ammonium compounds

Triclosan

Hand washing (soap and water)

True, soap and water best meathod

Less than 0.25

No chipped nail polish

Artificial nails discouraged

gel nail polish discouraged,

harbor bacteria

(clean Technique)

reduction of disease causing microorganisms on a surface as a means of red infection

ensures that items such as gloves and equipment are sterile, meaning that they do not have micro-organisms present on them.

surgical-site infections (SSIs)

that is, postsurgical infections that arise in either the incision, the tissue around the incision, or the organs.

remove all watches rings bracelets

10 min scrub with brush and sponge

Applying a mixture of chlorhexidine and ethanol to the hands

scrub under nails with a nail brush to remove pathogens

cleaning instruments so that all micro-organisms, including bacterial spores, are eradicated. This process may be achieved with steam and then dry heat, with ethylene oxide gas, or with chemicals, depending on the item to be sterilized

Created to assure that the smallest number of microorganisms possible are present; used for procedures where surgical asepsis is indicated.

cleans instruments so that almost all micro-organisms are eradicated, but not all. There are two levels of disinfection: high level and low level.

only some spores remain. This process involves pasteurization or chemicals and is applied to some procedural instruments, such as equipment used for endoscopies and some respiratory therapy equipment

most vegetative bacteria are destroyed, but some spores, fungi, and viruses may still remain. This type of disinfection is achieved by using hospital-grade disinfectants on surfaces.

Low level

If theres blood, do neither

Infection prevention practices and these apply to all clients, whether or not they are known to have an infectious agent.

to protect self and others from blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions (except sweat), nonintact skin, and mucous membranes

help prevent transmission of infectious agents by direct or indirect contact with body secretions

(Gloves and Gown Minimum)

vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)

Clostridium difficile

noroviruses

intestinal tract pathogens

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Contact Precaution

should don a surgical mask when entering the room or coming into close contact with the client.

True

influenza virus

adenovirus

SARS-CoV1

rhinovirus (common cold)

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

False, 6-10 feet

Used when a client has an infectious agent that can be transmitted through the air should don an N95 mask or a high-level respirator when entering the room of a client.

Negative pressure room used (air cycled 12x hour (6 if old/renovated)

Used during approximately the first 100 days after the transplant, specific engineering and hospital designs that decrease the risk of environmental fungi to the client who had HSCT.

HEPA filtration, 12x hour exchanges

Central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs)

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs)

Surgical-site infections (SSIs)

Ventilator-assisted pneumonias (VAPs)

Infections that are acquired in a health care facility (ex. hospital, nursing home, ambulatory care facility).

Central line–associated bloodstream infections

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections

Ventilator-assisted pneumonias

are guidelines for practice that are bundled together in an effort to prevent HAIs such as CAUTIs, CLABSIs, VAPs, and SSIs

improve client safety and decrease mortality

do Proper handwashing, wearing gloves, and using contact precautions

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)

Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA)

Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA)

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)–producing organisms

Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (MDRSP)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus

Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)–producing organisms

Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae

Nursing home staff must wear gown and gloves to prevent transfer of organisms to themselves or their clothing when engaging in certain client care activities.

being in a healthcare enviroment

being around other PTs with pathogens

having an invasive medical device (tube, cath, drain, line)

having a wound

* anytime there is the potential for direct contact with blood or bodily fluids, nonintact skin, mucous membranes, or materials that are potentially infectious

* Direct contact with clients colonized/infected with pathogens listed under contact precautions.

Used to don sterile gloves using surgical asepsis after the individual has performed a surgical hand scrub and donned a sterile gown; hands are kept inside the sterile gown until gloves are donned.

the nurse keeps both hands within the cuffs of the gown, keeping hands inside the cuff edges. The nurse grasps the gloves with hands still inside the gown, pulls the gloves over the cuff, and positions the hands inside the gloves

Used to don sterile gloves using surgical asepsis; gloves are touched directly with the hands.

whenever there is the potential for contact with infected material or the potential for blood or body fluids to penetrate and contaminate the nurse

as needed when the client is on standard or droplet precautions

T

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Protecting the eyes is necessary during certain procedures in which blood or body fluids may potentially be splashed into the eyes.

1) Gloves

2)Googles/Faceshield

3)Gown

4)Mask

Hand Hygeine