2023-01-27T01:39:25+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>The actual mass of every nucleus (other than hydrogen) is actually _____.</p>, <p><strong>Nucleons</strong></p>, <p>What holds protons and neutrons together?</p>, <p><strong>Strong nuclear force (strong interaction)</strong></p>, <p>At short distances, the _____ is the strongest fundamental force.</p>, <p>The strong nuclear force can hold nuclei together because ...</p>, <p><strong>Mass defect</strong></p>, <p><strong>Einstein's equation</strong></p>, <p>Although the strong nuclear force is the strongest of the four fundamental forces, it only acts over _____.</p>, <p>The weakest fundamental interaction is _____.</p>, <p><strong>Binding energy</strong></p>, <p>The binding energy of a nucleus is related to its mass defect by _____.</p>, <p>Why is the mass defect so pronounced?</p>, <p>The binding energy per nucleon peaks at _____, which implies that this element contains the _____.</p>, <p>In general, _____ nuclei are more stable than _____ nuclei.</p>, <p><strong>Weak nuclear force</strong></p>, <p>The effective range of the weak force is limited to _____ and is _____.</p>, <p>Compared to the strong interaction, the weak interaction is ...</p>, <p>List the four fundamental forces (interactions) in nature.</p>, <p>List the four fundamental interactions by relative strength.</p>, <p>Unlike the strong and weak interactions, electromagnetism and gravity _____.</p> flashcards
MCAT Physics and Math 9.3: Nuclear Binding Energy and Mass Defect

MCAT Physics and Math 9.3: Nuclear Binding Energy and Mass Defect

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  • The actual mass of every nucleus (other than hydrogen) is actually _____.

    smaller than the sum of the individual nucleons

  • Nucleons

    protons and neutrons

  • What holds protons and neutrons together?

    Strong nuclear force

  • Strong nuclear force (strong interaction)

    A fundamental interaction that confines quarks into proton, neutron, and other hadron particles. The strong interaction also binds neutrons and protons to create atomic nuclei, where it is called the nuclear force.

  • At short distances, the _____ is the strongest fundamental force.

    strong interaction

  • The strong nuclear force can hold nuclei together because ...

    ... at short distances, the strong interaction is much, much stronger than the electromagnetic repulsion between the protons.

  • Mass defect

    The difference between the sum of the individual masses of the nucleons in a nucleus and the actual mass of the nucleus.

  • Einstein's equation

    E = mc2

    E is energy

    m is mass

    c is the speed of light

  • Although the strong nuclear force is the strongest of the four fundamental forces, it only acts over _____.

    extremely short distances

    (less than a few times the diameter of a proton or neutron)

  • The weakest fundamental interaction is _____.

    gravity

  • Binding energy

    The bonded system of a nucleus is at a lower energy level than the unbonded constituents, and this difference in energy must be radiated away in the form of heat, light, or other electromagnetic radiation before the mass defect becomes apparent. This energy, called binding energy, allows the nucleons to bind together in the nucleus.

  • The binding energy of a nucleus is related to its mass defect by _____.

    Einstein's equation

  • Why is the mass defect so pronounced?

    Since the strong nuclear force is very strong, the amount of mass lost due to the binding energy is quite large relative to the mass of the overall nuclei.

  • The binding energy per nucleon peaks at _____, which implies that this element contains the _____.

    the element iron (specifically, iron-56)

    most stable nucleus

  • In general, _____ nuclei are more stable than _____ nuclei.

    intermediate-sized nuclei

    very large or small nuclei

  • Weak nuclear force

    The mechanism of interaction between subatomic particles that is responsible for the radioactive decay of atoms: The weak interaction participates in nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.

  • The effective range of the weak force is limited to _____ and is _____.

    subatomic distances

    less than the diameter of a proton

  • Compared to the strong interaction, the weak interaction is ...

    ... about one-millionth as strong.

  • List the four fundamental forces (interactions) in nature.

    In no particular order:

    -gravity

    -electromagnetism

    -strong interaction

    -weak interaction

  • List the four fundamental interactions by relative strength.

    1) strong interaction (~1038 times stronger than gravity)

    2) electromagnetism (~1036 times stronger than gravity)

    3) weak interaction (~1033 times stronger than gravity)

    4) gravity

  • Unlike the strong and weak interactions, electromagnetism and gravity _____.

    have no effective range limitation

    (i.e. unless two eligible particles are an infinite distance apart, they will interact with each other)