2023-01-22T02:50:29+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p><strong>Transverse waves </strong>(with examples)</p>, <p><strong>Longitudinal waves </strong>(with examples)</p>, <p><strong>Displacement </strong>(waves)</p>, <p><strong>Equilibrium position</strong></p>, <p><strong>Amplitude</strong></p>, <p><strong>Crest</strong></p>, <p><strong>Trough</strong></p>, <p><strong>Wavelength</strong></p>, <p><strong>Frequency </strong>(with units)</p>, <p><strong>Angular frequency </strong>(with units)</p>, <p><strong>Period</strong></p>, <p><strong>Interference</strong></p>, <p><strong>Constructive interference</strong></p>, <p><strong>Destructive interference</strong></p>, <p><strong>Partially constructive</strong> and <strong>partially destructive interference</strong></p>, <p><strong>Traveling waves</strong></p>, <p><strong>Standing waves</strong></p>, <p><strong>Antinodes</strong></p>, <p><strong>Nodes</strong></p>, <p><strong>Resonance</strong></p>, <p><strong>Natural</strong> (<strong>resonant</strong>) <strong>frequency</strong></p>, <p><strong>Damping</strong></p>, <p><strong>Sound</strong> is produced by _____ that creates an _____ of the molecules in the material.</p>, <p>Sound propagates through all forms of matter (but not a _____).</p>, <p>Sound propagates fastest through _____, followed by _____, and slowest through _____.</p>, <p>Within a medium, as density increases, the speed of sound _____.</p>, <p>The <strong>pitch</strong> of a sound is related to its _____.</p>, <p><strong>Doppler effect</strong></p>, <p>The apparent frequency will be _____ than the emitted frequency when the source and detector are moving toward each other.</p>, <p>The apparent frequency will be _____ than the emitted frequency when the source and detector are moving away from each other.</p><p></p>, <p>The apparent frequency can be higher, lower, or equal to the emitted frequency when the two objects are moving in the same direction, depending on their _____.</p>, <p>When the source is moving at or above the speed of sound, _____ can form.</p>, <p>Loudness or volume of sound (<strong>sound level</strong>) is related to its <strong>_____</strong>.</p>, <p>Intensity is related to a wave’s _____.</p>, <p>Intensity decreases over distance and some energy is lost to <strong>_____</strong>.</p>, <p>Strings and <strong>open pipes</strong> (open at both ends) support _____ waves, and the length of the string or pipe is equal to _____.</p>, <p><strong>Closed pipes</strong> (closed at one end) support _____ waves, and the length of the pipe is equal to _____.</p>, <p><strong>Ultrasound </strong>medical uses</p> flashcards
MCAT Physics and Math 7: Concept Summary

MCAT Physics and Math 7: Concept Summary

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  • Transverse waves (with examples)

    Transverse waves have oscillations of wave particles perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation (e.g., “The Wave”, electromagnetic waves).

  • Longitudinal waves (with examples)

    Longitudinal waves have oscillations of wave particles parallel to the direction of wave propagation (e.g., sound waves).

  • Displacement (waves)

    Displacement (x) in a wave refers to how far a point is from the equilibrium position, expressed as a vector quantity.

  • Equilibrium position

    The equilibrium position is the point on the wave of zero displacement.

  • Amplitude

    The amplitude (A) of a wave is the magnitude of its maximal displacement.

  • Crest

    The maximum point of a wave (point of most positive displacement) is called a crest.

  • Trough

    The minimum point of a wave (point of most negative displacement) is called a trough.

  • Wavelength

    The wavelength (λ) of a wave is the distance between two crests or two troughs.

  • Frequency (with units)

    The frequency (f) of a wave is the number of cycles it makes per second. It is expressed in hertz (Hz).

  • Angular frequency (with units)

    The angular frequency (ω) is another way of expressing frequency and is expressed in radians per second.

  • Period

    The period (T) of a wave is the number of seconds it takes to complete a cycle. It is the inverse of frequency.

  • Interference

    Interference describes the ways in which waves interact in space to form a resultant wave.

  • Constructive interference

    Constructive interference occurs when waves are exactly in phase with each other. The amplitude of the resultant wave is equal to the sum of the amplitudes of the two interfering waves.

  • Destructive interference

    Destructive interference occurs when waves are exactly out of phase with each other. The amplitude of the resultant wave is equal to the difference in amplitude between the two interfering waves.

  • Partially constructive and partially destructive interference

    Partially constructive and partially destructive interference occur when two waves are not quite perfectly in or out of phase with each other. The displacement of the resultant wave is equal to the sum of the displacements of the two interfering waves.

  • Traveling waves

    Traveling waves have continuously shifting points of maximum and minimum displacement.

  • Standing waves

    Standing waves are produced by the constructive and destructive interference of two waves of the same frequency traveling in opposite directions in the same space.

  • Antinodes

    Antinodes are points of maximum oscillation.

  • Nodes

    Nodes are points where there is no oscillation.

  • Resonance

    Resonance is the increase in amplitude that occurs when a periodic force is applied at the natural (resonant) frequency of an object.

  • Natural (resonant) frequency

    Resonant frequency is the oscillation of a system at its natural or unforced resonance.

  • Damping

    Damping is a decrease in amplitude caused by an applied or nonconservative force.

  • Sound is produced by _____ that creates an _____ of the molecules in the material.

    mechanical disturbance of a material

    oscillation

  • Sound propagates through all forms of matter (but not a _____).

    vacuum

  • Sound propagates fastest through _____, followed by _____, and slowest through _____.

    solids

    liquids

    gases

  • Within a medium, as density increases, the speed of sound _____.

    decreases

  • The pitch of a sound is related to its _____.

    frequency

  • Doppler effect

    The Doppler effect is a shift in the perceived frequency of a sound compared to the actual frequency of the emitted sound when the source of the sound and its detector are moving relative to one another.

  • The apparent frequency will be _____ than the emitted frequency when the source and detector are moving toward each other.

    higher

  • The apparent frequency will be _____ than the emitted frequency when the source and detector are moving away from each other.

    lower

  • The apparent frequency can be higher, lower, or equal to the emitted frequency when the two objects are moving in the same direction, depending on their _____.

    relative speeds

  • When the source is moving at or above the speed of sound, _____ can form.

    shock waves (sonic booms)

  • Loudness or volume of sound (sound level) is related to its _____.

    intensity

  • Intensity is related to a wave’s _____.

    amplitude

  • Intensity decreases over distance and some energy is lost to _____.

    attenuation (damping) from frictional forces

  • Strings and open pipes (open at both ends) support _____ waves, and the length of the string or pipe is equal to _____.

    standing

    some multiple of half-wavelengths

  • Closed pipes (closed at one end) support _____ waves, and the length of the pipe is equal to _____.

    standing

    some odd multiple of quarter-wavelengths

  • Ultrasound medical uses

    Sound is used medically in ultrasound machines for both imaging (diagnostic) and treatment (therapeutic) purposes.