Colin Donnelly-
coulomb
The SI unit of charge is the coulomb.
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Protons have a _____ and electrons have a _____.
positive charge
negative charge
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Both protons and electrons possess ...
... the fundamental unit of charge (e = 1.60 × 10–19 C)
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Protons and electrons have different _____.
masses
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Opposite charges exert _____ forces, and like charges exert _____ forces.
attractive
repulsive
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Conductors
Conductors allow the free and uniform passage of electrons when charged.
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Insulators
Insulators resist the movement of charge and will have localized areas of charge that do not distribute over the surface of the material.
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Coulomb’s law
Coulomb’s law gives the magnitude of the electrostatic force vector between two charges. The force vector always points along the line connecting the centers of the two charges.
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Every charge generates an _____, which can exert forces on other charges.
electric field
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Electric field
The electric field is the ratio of the force that is exerted on a test charge to the magnitude of that charge.
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Electric field vectors can be represented as _____ that radiate _____ positive source charges and radiate _____ negative source charges.
field lines
outward from, inward to
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Positive test charges will move in _____; negative test charges will move in _____.
the direction of the field lines
the direction opposite of the field lines
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Electric potential energy
Electric potential energy is the amount of work required to bring the test charge from infinitely far away to a given position in the vicinity of a source charge.
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The electric potential energy of a system will increase when two like charges _____ or when two opposite charges _____.
move toward each other
move farther apart
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The electric potential energy of a system will decrease when two opposite charges _____ or when two like charges _____.
move toward each other
move farther apart
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Electric potential
Electric potential is the electric potential energy per unit charge.
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Different points in the space of an electric field surrounding a source charge will have _____.
different electric potential values
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Potential difference (voltage)
Potential difference (voltage) is the change in electric potential that accompanies the movement of a test charge from one position to another.
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Potential difference is path _____ and depends only on _____.
independent
the initial and final positions of the test charge
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The units for both electric potential and voltage are _____.
volts
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Test charges will move spontaneously in _____.
whichever direction results in a decrease in their electric potential energy
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Positive test charges will move spontaneously from _____ to _____.
from high potential to low potential
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Negative test charges will move spontaneously from _____ to _____.
from low potential to high potential
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Equipotential lines
Equipotential lines designate the set of points around a source charge or multiple source charges that have the same electric potential.
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Equipotential lines are always _____ to electric field lines.
perpendicular
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Work will be done when a charge is _____; the work is _____ of the pathway taken.
moved from one equipotential line to another
independent
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No work is done when a charge moves from a point on an equipotential line to _____.
another point on the same equipotential line
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Electric dipole
Two charges of opposite sign separated by a fixed distance, d, generate an electric dipole.
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In an external electric field, an electric dipole will experience a _____ until it is _____.
net torque
aligned with the electric field vector
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An electric field will not induce any _____ in the dipole regardless of its orientation with respect to the electric field vector.
translational motion
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Magnetic fields are created by _____ and _____.
magnets and moving charges
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The SI unit for the magnetic field is the _____. (and conversion to the other unit)
tesla (T; 1 T = 10,000 gauss).
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Diamagnetic materials
Diamagnetic materials possess no unpaired electrons and are slightly repelled by a magnet.
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Paramagnetic materials
Paramagnetic materials possess some unpaired electrons and become weakly magnetic in an external magnetic field.
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Ferromagnetic materials
Ferromagnetic materials possess some unpaired electrons and become strongly magnetic in an external magnetic field.
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Magnets have a _____; field lines point from _____ to _____.
north and a south pole
from the north to the south pole
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Current-carrying wires create _____ that are _____ (shape).
magnetic fields
concentric circles surrounding the wire
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External magnetic fields exert forces on _____ moving in any direction except _____.
charges
parallel or antiparallel to the field
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Point charges may undergo _____ in a uniform magnetic field wherein the _____ is the _____ acting on the point charge.
uniform circular motion
the centripetal force is the magnetic force
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The direction of the magnetic force on a moving charge or current-carrying wire is determined using the _____.
right-hand rule
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Lorentz force
The Lorentz force is the sum of the electrostatic and magnetic forces acting on a body.
