Temperature conversions
Thermal expansion equation
ΔL = αLΔT
Volume expansion equation
ΔV = βVΔT
First law of thermodynamics
ΔU = Q – W
Heat gained or lost (with temperature change)
q = mcΔT
Heat gained or lost (phase change)
q = mL
Entropy and heat
Second law of thermodynamics
ΔSuniverse = ΔSsystem + ΔSsurroundings > 0