2023-02-19T01:56:23+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p><strong>Hypothesis testing</strong></p>, <p><strong>Null hypothesis</strong></p>, <p><strong>Alternative hypothesis</strong></p>, <p><strong>Nondirectional hypothesis</strong></p>, <p><strong>Directional hypothesis</strong></p>, <p>If the <em>p</em>-value is greater than <em>α</em>, then we _____.</p>, <p>If the <em>p</em>-value is less than <em>α</em>, then we _____ and _____. </p>, <p>When the null hypothesis is rejected, we state that our results are _____.</p>, <p><strong>Type I error</strong></p>, <p><strong>Type II error</strong></p>, <p><strong>Power</strong></p>, <p><strong>Power </strong>(statistics) equation</p>, <p><strong>Confidence</strong></p>, <p><strong>Confidence interval</strong></p>, <p><strong>Confidence interval</strong> equation</p> flashcards
MCAT Physics and Math 12.5: Statistical Testing

MCAT Physics and Math 12.5: Statistical Testing

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  • Hypothesis testing

    The theory, methods, and practice of testing a hypothesis by comparing it with the null hypothesis

  • Null hypothesis

    The hypothesis that there is no significant difference between specified populations, any observed difference being due to sampling or experimental error.

  • Alternative hypothesis

    The statement that is being tested against the null hypothesis is the alternative hypothesis. Usually, the alternative hypothesis states that two groups are statistically significant.

  • Nondirectional hypothesis

    A non-directional (two-tailed) hypothesis predicts that the independent variable will have an effect on the dependent variable, but the direction of the effect is not specified.

  • Directional hypothesis

    A directional (one-tailed) hypothesis predicts the nature of the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. It predicts in which direction the change will take place.

  • If the p-value is greater than α, then we _____.

    fail to reject the null hypothesis

  • If the p-value is less than α, then we _____ and _____.

    reject the null hypothesis and state that there is a statistically significant difference between the two groups

  • When the null hypothesis is rejected, we state that our results are _____.

    statistically significant

  • Type I error

    A type I error (α) is the likelihood that we report a difference between two populations when one does not actually exist.

  • Type II error

    A type II error (β) is the likelihood that we report no difference between two populations when one actually exists.

  • Power

    The probability of a type II error is sometimes symbolized by β. The probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis (reporting a difference between two populations when one actually exists) is referred to as power, and is equal to 1 − β.

  • Power (statistics) equation

    1 − β

  • Confidence

    The probability of correctly failing to reject a true null hypothesis (reporting no difference between two populations when one does not exist) is referred to as confidence.

  • Confidence interval

    A confidence interval refers to the probability that a population parameter will fall between a set of values for a certain proportion of times.

  • Confidence interval equation