2023-02-12T08:54:50+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p><strong>Population</strong> (statistics)</p>, <p><strong>Parameter</strong></p>, <p><strong>Sampling</strong></p>, <p><strong>Sample</strong></p>, <p>Is a sample necessarily representative of the population?</p>, <p><strong>Statistic</strong></p>, <p>Sample is to population as statistic is to _____. </p>, <p>With comparatively large or repeated samples, statistics can be used to _____.</p>, <p><strong>Internal validity</strong></p>, <p><strong>External validity</strong></p>, <p>Studies with low generalizability have _____, while studies with high generalizability have samples that are _____.</p>, <p>Drugs undergo continuous evaluation in part because of _____.</p>, <p><strong>Statistical significance</strong></p>, <p><strong>Clinical significance</strong></p>, <p>Establishing a parameter is generally _____ for large populations.</p> flashcards
MCAT Physics and Math 11.5: Research in the Real World

MCAT Physics and Math 11.5: Research in the Real World

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  • Population (statistics)

    A population is the complete group of every individual that satisfies the attributes of interest.

  • Parameter

    Information that is calculated using every person in a population is called a parameter.

  • Sampling

    Sampling is the selection of a subset (a statistical sample) of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population.

  • Sample

    A sample is any group taken from a population that does not include all individuals from the population.

  • Is a sample necessarily representative of the population?

    Ideally, yes

    In practice, sometimes samples are not representative. this is the result of sampling bias.

  • Statistic

    Information about a sample is called a statistic.

  • Sample is to population as statistic is to _____.

    parameter

  • With comparatively large or repeated samples, statistics can be used to _____.

    estimate population parameters

  • Internal validity

    Internal validity is the tendency of the same experiment to produce the same results when repeated, and provides support for causality.

  • External validity

    External validity, or Generalizability, is the extent to which you can generalize the findings of a study to other situations, people, settings, and measures.

  • Studies with low generalizability have _____, while studies with high generalizability have samples that are _____.

    very narrow conditions for sample selection that do not reflect the target population

    representative of the target population

  • Drugs undergo continuous evaluation in part because of _____.

    poor preclinical generalizability

  • Statistical significance

    A result has statistical significance when a result at least as "extreme" would be very infrequent if the null hypothesis were true.

  • Clinical significance

    The practical importance of a treatment effect—whether it has a real genuine, palpable, noticeable effect on daily life.

    For example, a decrease in systolic blood pressure of one millimeter of mercury could be statistically significant; however, it is not likely to change patient outcomes.

  • Establishing a parameter is generally _____ for large populations.

    not feasible