Matrices

In physics, the S-matrix or scattering matrix relates the initial state and the final state of a physical system undergoing a scattering process.

In linear algebra, a rotation matrix is a matrix that is used to perform a rotation in Euclidean space.

In numerical linear algebra, a Givens rotation is a rotation in the plane spanned by two coordinates axes.

In the field of numerical analysis, the condition number of a function with respect to an argument measures how much the output value of the function can change for a small change in the input argument.

In linear algebra, the identity matrix, or sometimes ambiguously called a unit matrix, of size n is the n × n square matrix with ones on the main diagonal and zeros elsewhere.

In linear algebra, two n-by-n matrices A and B are called similar if for some invertible n-by-n matrix P.

In mathematics, a polynomial matrix or sometimes matrix polynomial is a matrix whose elements are univariate or multivariate polynomials.

Water retention on mathematical surfaces refers to the water caught in ponds on a surface of cells of various heights on a regular array such as a square lattice, where water is rained down on every cell in the system.

John Williamson (23 May 1901 – 1949) was a Scottish mathematician who worked in the fields of algebra, invariant theory, and linear algebra.

In mathematics, an alternating sign matrix is a square matrix of 0s, 1s, and −1s such that the sum of each row and column is 1 and the nonzero entries in each row and column alternate in sign.

In linear algebra, linear transformations can be represented by matrices.

In linear algebra, a Householder transformation (also known as Householder reflection or elementary reflector) is a linear transformation that describes a reflection about a plane or hyperplane containing the origin.

In linear algebra, a square matrix A is called diagonalizable if it is similar to a diagonal matrix, i.

In linear algebra, the column space C(A) of a matrix A (sometimes called the range of a matrix) is the span (set of all possible linear combinations) of its column vectors.

In linear algebra, a column vector or column matrix is an m × 1 matrix, that is, a matrix consisting of a single column of m elements, Similarly, a row vector or row matrix is a 1 × m matrix, that is, a matrix consisting of a single row of m elements Throughout, boldface is used for the row and column vectors.

In linear algebra, an alternant matrix is a matrix with a particular structure, in which successive columns have a particular function applied to their entries.

In mathematics, and in particular linear algebra, a pseudoinverse A+ of a matrix A is a generalization of the inverse matrix.

In linear algebra, the transpose of a matrix A is another matrix AT (also written A′, Atr, tA or At) created by any one of the following equivalent actions: * reflect A over its main diagonal (which runs from top-left to bottom-right) to obtain AT * write the rows of A as the columns of AT * write the columns of A as the rows of AT Formally, the i th row, j th column element of AT is the j th row, i th column element of A: If A is an m × n matrix then AT is an n × m matrix.

In linear algebra, the adjugate, classical adjoint, or adjunct of a square matrix is the transpose of its cofactor matrix.

In mathematics, the Moore determinant is a determinant defined for Hermitian matrices over a quaternion algebra, introduced by Moore ().

In mathematics, and more specifically in linear algebra and functional analysis, the kernel (also known as null space or nullspace) of a linear map L : V → W between two vector spaces V and W, is the set of all elements v of V for which L(v) = 0, where 0 denotes the zero vector in W.

In mathematical physics and mathematics, the Pauli matrices are a set of three 2 × 2 complex matrices which are Hermitian and unitary.

In the mathematical discipline of linear algebra, a triangular matrix is a special kind of square matrix.