2023-11-01T08:41:11+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>land plants shared traits with charophytes</p>, <p>gametophyte</p>, <p>sporophyte</p>, <p>gametangia</p>, <p>female gametangia</p>, <p>male gametangia</p>, <p>liverworts, mosses, and hornworts</p>, <p>lycophytes, monilophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms</p>, <p>lycophytes and monilophytes</p>, <p>gymnosperms and angiosperms</p>, <p>non- vascular plants (bryophyta)</p>, <p>bryophyte gametophytes</p>, <p>bryophyte sporophytes</p>, <p>sporophylls</p>, <p>sori</p>, <p>strobili</p>, <p>homosporous</p>, <p>heterosporous</p>, <p>homosporous spore production</p>, <p>heterosporous spore production</p>, <p>the two clades of seedless vascular plants</p>, <p>phylum lycophyta</p>, <p>phylum monilophyta</p>, <p>traits of seed plants</p>, <p>seed plant gametophytes</p>, <p>female gametophyte (seed plants)</p>, <p>male gametophyte (seed plants)</p>, <p>ovule</p>, <p>gymnosperm extant phyla</p>, <p>phylum cycadophyta</p>, <p>phylum ginkgophyta</p>, <p>phylum gnetophyta</p>, <p>phylum coniferophyta</p> flashcards
Life Cycles

Life Cycles

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  • animals (and some algae)

  • fungi (and some animals)

  • plants (and some algae)

  • land plants shared traits with charophytes

    Rings of cellulose-synthesizing proteins (see figure), Structure of flagellated sperm, Formation of a phragmoplast

  • gametophyte

    haploid and produces haploid gametes by mitosis

  • sporophyte

    diploid, fusion of gametes and produces haploid spores by meiosis in sporangia

  • alteration of generations

  • gametangia

    origin of gamete production; are haploid

  • female gametangia

    archegonia

  • male gametangia

    antheridia

  • liverworts, mosses, and hornworts

    liverworts, mosses, and hornworts

    non-vascular plants

  • lycophytes, monilophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms

    lycophytes, monilophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms

    vascular plants

  • lycophytes and monilophytes

    lycophytes and monilophytes

    seedless vascular plants

  • gymnosperms and angiosperms

    gymnosperms and angiosperms

    seed plants

  • non- vascular plants (bryophyta)

    gametophyte dominant

  • moss life cycle

  • bryophyte gametophytes

    mature gametophytes produce flagellated sperm in antheridia and an egg in each archegonium

  • bryophyte sporophytes

    grow out of archegonia; consists of a foot, seta (stalk), and sporangium (capsule) which discharges spores through a peristome

  • fern life cycle (seedless vascular plants)

  • sporophylls

    modified leaves with sporangia

  • sori

    clusters of sporangia on the underside of sporophylls

  • strobili

    cone-like structures formed from groups of sporophylls

  • homosporous

    produces one type of spore that develops into a bisexual gametophyte

  • heterosporous

    produce megaspores (female gametophytes) and microspores (male gametophytes)

  • homosporous spore production

    sporangium on sporophyll-> single type of spore-> typically a bisexual gametophyte-> eggs+sperm

  • heterosporous spore production

    megasporangium on megasporophyll-> megaspores -> male gametophyte -> eggs (in archegonia)

    microsporangium in microsporophyll -> microspore -> male gametophyte -> sperm (in antheridia)

  • the two clades of seedless vascular plants

    phylum lycophyta and phylum monilophyta

  • phylum lycophyta

    small herbaceous plants; many are epiphytes; microphylls

  • phylum monilophyta

    ferms, horsetails, and whisk ferns

  • traits of seed plants

    reduced gametophytes, heterospory, ovules, pollen

  • seed plant gametophytes

    microscopic; remain withing the sporangia of parental sporophyte, and depend on sporophyte for nutrition

  • female gametophyte (seed plants)

    develops within an ovule

  • male gametophyte (seed plants)

    develops within a pollen grain

  • ovule

    consist of a mega sporangium, megaspore and one or more integuments

  • unfertilized ovule

  • fertilized ovule

  • gymnosperm seed

  • gymnosperm

  • angiosperm

  • gymnosperm extant phyla

    cycadophyta (cycads), ginkgophyta, gnetophyta, coniferophyta

  • phylum cycadophyta

    large cones and palmlike leaves; flagellated sperm

  • phylum ginkgophyta

    single living species; flagellated sperm; high tolerance to air pollution

  • phylum gnetophyta

    comprises three genera: gnetum, ephedra and welwitschia

  • phylum coniferophyta

    largest gymnosperm phyla, mostly evergreens

  • pine life cycle