library assignment 16

 Hypersecretion of growth hormone in children results in _________

because the growth hormone targets the still-active _______ .

This results in abnormal _______but relatively normal body proportions.

If excess growth hormone is released after closure of the epiphyseal plates, the condition is called ________ .   This term literally means ______-.  The patient experiences overgrowth of bones in the. ____, ___, and ____

 In both conditions of gigantism and acromegaly, hypersecretion of growth hormone is the result of an ______________ that makes excess growth hormone.  Usual treatment is __________of the tumor.  Anatomic changes that have already occurred can NOT be ________.

Hyposecretion of prolactin is only a problem if a woman wants to ________

.  Clinical signs including inappropriate lactation, lack of menses and infertility in females or breast enlargement and impotence in males suggest a diagnosis of _____________________

ADH stands for______________________. 

_____________  is the result of ADH deficiency.  Symptoms include increased output of _______and intense _____ .

This is different from _________ in which insulin deficiency results in the loss of large amounts of glucose in the urine.

Diabetes insipidus can be caused by damage to the __________ or _______  In this condition it is very important to avoid ________ .

SIADH stands for ____________________________________

Fluid retention occurs.  Headache and disorientation result from ____________________

Management requires _____ restriction and monitoring of blood ________ levels.

List 5 causes of hypothyroid disorders.

 Severe hypothyroidism is also known as ________

 Name 8 symptoms of hypothyroidism.

If myxedema is due to lack of iodine, the thyroid gland enlarges and this is called __________.  The pituitary increases secretion of ___ but the thyroid gland cannot produce thyroid hormone in the absence of the iodine.  If untreated, the cells “burn out” and no longer produce thyroid hormone.  Treatment includes supplements of _______ or ______________ depending on the cause. 

Severe hypothyroidism in infants is called _________.   These children are mentally retarded and have a short, disproportionately sized body. 

Graves’ disease is a form of ___________.  It is thought to be an autoimmune disorder because patients have antibodies that mimic ___ , therefore continuously stimulate release of _______________

 Name 5 symptoms of Graves’ disease

In Graves’ disease, ___________ (protrusion of the eyeballs) may occur if tissue behind the eye becomes edematous.  Treatment includes surgical removal of the ______ or ingestion of_____________ that will destroy most of the active thyroid cells.

 Hyperparathyroidism is rare and results from a tumor of the __________.  In this condition, _______ is removed from bones and replaced by___________. ________________________ is a severe form of this disorder in which bones may break spontaneously.

Name 2 serious consequences of elevated calcium in hyperparathyroidism:

calcium deposits in soft tissues throughout the body that may impair vital organ functioning is a result of _____________________

Hypoparathyroidism is a deficiency of ___ and usually results from ____ or removal during _________. Hypocalcemia leads to increased excitability of _____ and “tetany.” 

Three symptoms of tetany are:

If untreated, death results from ______________.

Glucocorticoid excess is called _________________.

If it is due to an ACTH-releasing pituitary tumor, it is called __________.

Name 4 other locations an ACTH-releasing tumor may occur:

What is the most frequent cause of Cushing’s syndrome?   

elevated blood glucose due to glucocorticoid drugs results in?

 What leads to hypertension and edema?

Name 4 cushingoid signs.

Addison’s disease is the major hyposecretory disorder of the _________

 Glucose and sodium _____ while potassium ______.  Symptoms include __________ and __________.  Treatment is ____________ replacement.

Hormones of the __________ are not essential for life.  Hypersecretion of catecholamines may come from a _______________.  Name 6 symptoms:

Diabetes mellitus is caused by hyposecretion or hypoactivity of _______.  After eating, blood glucose levels remain ____.  Symptoms of excess hyperglycemia include ________________________________________________________.  Excess glucose is lost in the ____.  When sugar cannot be used for fuel, ___ are mobilized.  Ketoacidosis results from a drop in pH due to accumulation of fatty acid metabolites.  When ketone bodies spill into the urine, this is called _______.  Servere ketoacidosis is life-threatening. 

The three main signs of diabetes mellitus are _______, _______, and ________

Excessive insulin secretion, called _________ , results in low blood glucose levels also known as ____________.