lab exam 2 vocab

-study of organism structure

Cocci- spherical-shaped bacterial cell

Bacilli- bacterial cell shape that is cylindrical

Spirilla- bacterial cell with rigid spiral shape and flagella

 bacteria having diverse shapes

spherical bacteria in pairs

line of bacteria

bacteria in group of 4

cubical packet of 8,16, or more

 irregular cluster of cell

pair of bacilli

chain of bacilli

bacilli bend at point of division, picket fence

 chemical radical of a dye that is responsible for its color and reactivity

Contrast

 staining technique that renders background opaque or colored and leave object unstained so it is outlined as colorless

 type of positive staining technique that uses 1 dye to add color to cell to see easier

 negatively charge acidic dye

Positive charged basic stain

technique that use 2 dyes to distinguish between differnet microbial group/cell parts by color reaction

 differential stain for bacteria useful for identification and taxonomy Gram + is purple gram - is red from loss of violet and absorb safrnin counterstain

crystal violet, both + and - turn purple

grams’s iodine, fix dye, insoluble complex within thick peptidoglycan layer of gram +

ethyl alcohol, dissolves lipid in gram -, gram - colorless and gram + purple

 safranin- increase contrast of gram - to pink

Gram positive- stain purple 

Gram negative- stain pink

small dormant, resistant derivative of a bacterial cell that germinates under favorable growth conditions into vegetative cell. Bacterial genera bacillus and clostridium

used to highlight specific structure in cell 

endospore

referring to the property of mycobacteria to retain carbol fuchsin even in the presence of acid alcohol. Used to diagnose tubercolosis

 tendency of organisms to move in response to a chemical gradient (toward attractant and avoid stimuli)

microorganism that requires only inorganic nutrient and carbon from C02

obtain carbon and energy from organic compound, carb and protein

obtain energy from organic molecule by fermentation/respiration

obtain energy from inorganic ion, oxidizing inorganic substrates like sulfur or iron

obtain energy through photosynthesis and carbon from C02

light as energy carbon is through organic molecule like glutamate

 one or more ingredient that inhibit growth of most bacteria, only single group to grow

growth medium containing at least 1 ingredient that is not precisely known

growth medium which each ingredient is known precisely

energy derived through breakdown of chemical substrates

light used to provide energy through photosynthesis

using atmospheric nitrogen N2

organic compound like vitamin or amino acid that must be provided in diet to faciliate growth, essential nutrient

nutrient medium supplemented with blood, serum or growth factor to promote multiplication of fastidious microorganism

substrate that discriminates between groups of microogranism on basis of differences in appearance due to different chemical reactions

broths, milks, or infusions

polysaccharide isolated from red algae gelidium