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lab a&p Anatomical Directional Terms and Mitosis
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what is cranial?
in reference to the head
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what is the anatomical position?
universal reference with the hands and feet both forward
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what is superior/inferior?
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what is anterior/posterior?
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what is ventral/dorsal?
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what is medial/lateral?
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what is cephalad/caudal?
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what is superficial/deep?
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what is proximal/distal?
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what is a transverse sectional plane?
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what is a sagittal sectional plane?
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what is a frontal sectional plane?
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what cavities are in the dorsal body cavity?
-cranial cavity
-vertebral cavity
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what does the cranial cavity contain?
-brain
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what is in the vertebral cavity?
-spinal cord
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what is in the ventral body cavity?
-thoracic cavity
-abdominopelvic cavity
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what is in the thoracic cavity?
-pleural cavity
-superior mediastinal cavity
-pericardial cavity
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what is in the Pleural Cavity?
-lungs
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what is in the Superior Mediastinal Cavity?
-esophagus
-blood vessels
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what is in the Pericardial Cavity?
-heart
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what is in the Abdominopelvic Cavity?
-abdominal cavity
-pelvic cavity
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what is in the abdominal cavity?
the LUQ?
the RUQ?
the RLQ?
THE LLQ?
-guts
-stomach
-cecum
-small intestine
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whats in the pelvic cavity?
-bladder
-genitals
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which cavity is the nervous system in?
-dorsal body cavity
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which cavity is the integumentary system in?
-ventral and dorsal
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which cavity is the skeletal system in?
-ventral and dorsal
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which cavity is the muscular system in?
-ventral and dorsal
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which cavity is the brain and nervous system in?
-dorsal
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which cavity is the endocrine system in?
-cranial cavity
-pelvic cavity
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identify the location of the four abdominal quadrants
RUQ
LUQ
RLQ
LLQ
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state the medical significance of the abdominal quadrant system
-the abdominopelvic cavity is large and houses several organs
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name the stages of the cell cycle
-prophase
-metaphase
-anaphase
-telophase
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what happens during prophase?
chromosomes are visibly condensed, nucleolus disappears, centrioles separate
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what happens during metaphase?
chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
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what happens during anaphase?
spindle fibers split the sister chromatids apart towards opposite poles of the cell
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what happens during telophase?
nuclear envelope begins to reform around the chromosomes at opposite poles, spindle fibers disappear
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distinguish between mitosis and cytokinesis
-mitosis is the division of the nucleus
-cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm
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define meiosis
-a single cell divides twice to produce four cells with half the amount of genetic information
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what is a chromatin?
-DNA and protein
-the material that composes the chromosomes of organisms
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what is a centromere?
region of the dna where chromatids attach
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what is the equator?
-imaginary line located centrally within a cell
-chromosomes align on the equator during metaphase
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what is the cleavage furrow?
indentation that appears due to the pinching of the cytoplasm and membrane during the late stages of cell division
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what is a chromatid?
one of the two strands that compose a chromosome
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what is a kinetochore?
a protein complex that gathers on the centromere for the spindle to attach to
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what is an aster?
star shaped microtubule structure that positions that spindle
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what is a chromosome? how many do humans have?
-thread-like structure that contains the genetic material of an organism
-46 arranged in 23 pairs
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what are spindle?
-microtubules
-splits chromosomes during mitosis
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what is the centriole pair?
-microtubules
-produces spindle fibers
