Keto acids

α-Ketoglutaric acid is one of two ketone derivatives of glutaric acid.

Levulinic acid, or 4-oxopentanoic acid, is an organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2CH2CO2H.

Oxaloacetic acid (also known as oxalacetic acid) is a crystalline organic compound with the chemical formula HO2CC(O)CH2CO2H.

Pyruvic acid (CH3COCOOH) is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic acid and a ketone functional group.

Acetoacetic acid (also diacetic acid) is the organic compound with the formula CH3COCH2COOH.

δ-Aminolevulinic acid (dALA or δ-ALA or 5ala or 5-aminolevulinic acid ) is the first compound in the porphyrin synthesis pathway, the pathway that leads to heme in mammals and chlorophyll in plants.

Abscisic acid (ABA), also known as abscisin II and dormin, is best known as a plant hormone.

Acetonedicarboxylic acid, 3-oxoglutaric acid or β-ketoglutaric acid is a simple dicarboxylic acid.

3-Dehydroquinic acid (DHQ) is the first carbocyclic intermediate of the shikimate pathway.

Phenylpyruvic acid is the organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2C(O)CO2H.

Prephenic acid, commonly also known by its anionic form prephenate, is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine.

Jasmonic acid (JA) is an organic compound found in several plants.

Oxalosuccinic acid is a substrate of the citric acid cycle.

3-Mercaptopyruvic acid is an intermediate in cysteine metabolism.

Mesoxalic acid, also called oxomalonic acid or ketomalonic acid, is an organic compound with formula C3H2O5 or HO-(C=O)3-OH.

Dioxosuccinic acid or dioxobutanedioic acid is an organic compound with formula C4H2O6 or HO−(C=O)4−OH.

Hydroxypyruvic acid is a pyruvic acid derivative with the formula C3H4O4 and a neutral charge with an atomic mass of 104.

α-Ketoadipic acid (or 2-oxoadipate) is an intermediate in the metabolism of lysine.

4-Maleylacetoacetate (4-maleylacetoacetate) is an intermediate in the metabolism of tyrosine.

α-Ketoisocaproic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of leucine.

Bromopyruvic acid and its alkaline form, bromopyruvate, are synthetic brominated derivatives of pyruvic acid.

Fluocortin is a corticosteroid.

α-Ketobutyric acid is a product of the lysis of cystathionine.

α-Ketovaleric acid is a keto acid that is found in human blood.

2-Hydroxymuconate semialdehyde is formed from catechol by the enzyme catechol 2,3-dioxygenase during the degradation of benzoates.

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (4-HPPA) is an intermediate in the metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine.

α-Ketoisovaleric acid is a metabolite of valine.

Ganoderic acids are a class of closely related triterpenoids (derivatives from lanosterol) found in Ganoderma mushrooms.

Fumarylacetoacetic acid (fumarylacetoacetate) is an intermediate in the metabolism of tyrosine.

α-Acetolactic acid (α-acetolactate) is a precursor in the biosynthesis of the branched chain amino acids valine and leucine.

Trepibutone is a drug used for functional gastrointestinal disorders.

2-Oxopent-4-enoic acid (2-oxopent-4-enoate) is formed by the dehydration of 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate by 2-oxopent-4-enoate hydratase or by the hydrolysis of 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde by 2-hydroxymuconate-semialdehyde hydrolase.

4-Hydroxy-2-oxopentanoaic acid, also known as 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate, is formed by the decarboxylation of 4-oxalocrotonate by 4-oxalocrotonate decarboxylase, is degraded by 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate aldolase, forming acetaldehyde and pyruvate and is reversibly dehydrated by 2-oxopent-4-enoate hydratase to 2-oxopent-4-enoate.