2022-09-01T17:33:12+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>Unionized </p>, <p>Unionized </p>, <p>Ionized</p>, <p>Permeability </p>, <p>Solubility</p>, <p>pH partiton theory</p>, <p>Acids</p>, <p>Bases</p>, <p>weak acids</p>, <p>weak acids</p>, <p>weak bases</p>, <p>weak bases</p>, <p>weak base, alkaline</p>, <p>weak acid, acidic </p>, <p>Ampholytes</p>, <p>Zwitterion</p>, <p>Isoelectric point</p>, <p>Polyprotic Acids</p>, <p>By transcellular or paracellular pathways</p>, <p>Paracellular Transport</p>, <p>Transcellular Transport</p>, <p>partitioning &amp; passive diffusion, carrier-mediated transport, vesicular transport</p>, <p>Passive diffusion</p>, <p>CM Active Transport</p>, <p>CM facilitated diffusion</p> flashcards
Ionic Equilibrium

Ionic Equilibrium

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  • Unionized

    a molecule that doesn't have a charge associated with it.

  • Unionized

    Which is more permeable? Ionized or Unionized

  • Ionized

    Which is more soluble? Ionized or Unionized

  • Permeability

    the ease with which molecules cross biological membranes. or the ease with which ions or molecules pass through the pore of channel proteins.

  • Solubility

    degree to which a substance dissolves in a solvent to make a solution (usually expressed as grams of solute per litre of solvent).

  • pH partiton theory

    the absorption of a weak electrolyte is determined mainly by the extent to which the drug exists in its unionized form at the site of absorption.

  • Acids

    donate protons

  • Bases

    accept protons

  • weak acids

    When pH is < pKa by 2 units 99% is in the unionized state

  • weak acids

    when pH>pKa by 2 units 99% in the ionized state

  • weak bases

    when pH is > pKa by 2 units 99% is in the unionized state

  • weak bases

    when pH < pKa by 2 units 99% is in the ionized state

  • weak base, alkaline

    salts of weak bases will act like ___; make it more _____

  • weak acid, acidic

    salts of weak acids will act like ___; make it more ____

  • Ampholytes

    -bontain both acidic & basic functional groups

    -can act as an acid or base depending on the pH of the solution

  • Zwitterion

    the molecule possesses a positive and a negative ion

  • Isoelectric point

    pH at which a molecule exists in the form of a zwitterion

  • Polyprotic Acids

    specific acids that are capable of losing more than a single proton per molecule in acid-base reactions. (In other words, acids that have more than one ionizable H+ atom per molecule).

  • By transcellular or paracellular pathways

    How do drugs permeate cell membranes?

  • Paracellular Transport

    -transport through cellular junctions.

    -involves passive diffusion (Fick's Law) and convective flow of water.

  • Transcellular Transport

    -can be influx (transport into the cell) or efflux (out of the cell)

    -utilizes 3 mechanisms of transport

  • partitioning & passive diffusion, carrier-mediated transport, vesicular transport

    What are the 3 mechanisms of transcellular transport?

  • Passive diffusion

    -drug should partition from donor site into membrane

    -drug should partition from the membrane to receptor site

  • CM Active Transport

    -involves carrier proteins or transporters

    -drug can be transported against concentration gradient

    -process requires energy

    -carrier may be selective

    -carrier system is saturable

    -process may be competitive

  • CM facilitated diffusion

    -transport occurs in the direction of the concentration gradient, i.e. high to low

    -process does not require energy