Hosam Mohamed-
Toxicity
-the biological effect that occurs and causes damage to the organism
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hazard
-the toxic causing agent
-differences in susceptibility
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Exposure
-being in the presence or coming into contact with the toxin-causing agent
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Risk
-the frequency of adverse event occurring due to being in the presence of the toxic exposure
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hazard * exposure
Risk =
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causality, threshold, slope
What is included in Toxicity Assessments?
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b
Which toxicity assessment determines the lowest dose where an effect can occur?
a) causality
b) threshold
c) slope
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NOEL
______ is equivalent to 0 on the y-axis of dose response curve.
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threshold NOEL
_______ last datapoint of NOEL that has 0% response.
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LD50/ ED50
Therpauetic Index =
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LD1/ ED99
Margin of Safety =
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measure of drug safety, uses median doses, provides ratio between effective and lethal dose
What are the characteristics of Therapeutic Index? (3)
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c
A higher Therapeutic Index tells us _______
a) more toxic drug
b) more effective drug
c) safer drug
d) both B & C
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Risk Characterization
-summarizes risk information, evaluates uncertainty, and creates strategies to mitigate risk
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a
_______ ability to cause an adverse effect.
a) toxicity
b) hazard
c) exposure
d) risk
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b
_______ potential to cause an adverse effect in a given situation or setting (likelihood)
a) toxicity
b) hazard
c) exposure
d) risk
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c
________ coming into contact with a substance.
a) toxicity
b) hazard
c) exposure
d) risk
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d
_______ expected frequency of the occurrence of an adverse effect arising from exposure.
a) toxicity
b) hazard
c) exposure
d) risk
