Internet terminology

Hacktivism or hactivism (a portmanteau of hack and activism) is the subversive use of computers and computer networks to promote a political agenda.

The dot-com bubble (also known as the dot-com boom, the tech bubble, the Internet bubble, the dot-com collapse, and the information technology bubble) was a historic speculative bubble covering roughly 1995–2001 during which stock markets in industrialized nations saw their equity value rise rapidly from growth in the Internet sector and related fields.

Electronic mail is a method of exchanging digital messages between computer users; Email first entered substantial use in the 1960s and by the 1970s had taken the form now recognised as email.

In Internet slang, a troll (/ˈtroʊl/, /ˈtrɒl/) is a person who sows discord on the Internet by starting arguments or upsetting people,by posting inflammatory, extraneous, or off-topic messages in an online community (such as a newsgroup, forum, chat room, or blog) with the deliberate intent of provoking readers into an emotional responseor of otherwise disrupting normal on-topic discussion, often for their own amusement.

Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is an application layer protocol that facilitates communication in the form of text.

URL shortening is a technique on the World Wide Web in which a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) may be made substantially shorter and still direct to the required page.

In computing, linked data (often capitalized as Linked Data) is a method of publishing structured data so that it can be interlinked and become more useful through semantic queries.

The term digital native was coined and popularized by education consultant [Prensky] in his 2001 article entitled Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants, in which he relates the contemporary decline in American education to educators' failure to understand the needs of modern students.

In online marketing, a landing page, sometimes known as a "lead capture page" or a "lander", or a "destination page", is a single web page that appears in response to clicking on a search engine optimized search result or an online advertisement.

URL redirection, also called URL forwarding, is a World Wide Web technique for making a web page available under more than one URL address.

Pull coding or client pull is a style of network communication where the initial request for data originates from the client, and then is responded to by the server.

In computing, an avatar is the graphical representation of the user or the user's alter ego or character.

Crowdfunding is the practice of funding a project or venture by raising monetary contributions from a large number of people.

In computing, a web widget is a software widget for the web.

Doxing (from dox, abbreviation of documents), or doxxing, is the Internet-based practice of researching and broadcasting private or identifiable information (especially personally identifiable information) about an individual or organization.

The deep web, invisible web, or hidden web are parts of the World Wide Web whose contents are not indexed by standard search engines for any reason.

The dark web is the World Wide Web content that exists on darknets, overlay networks which use the public Internet but which require specific software, configurations or authorization to access.

Restricting access to Internet content via a paid subscription is often called a paywall.

Cyberstalking is the use of the Internet or other electronic means to stalk or harass an individual, a group, or an organization.